A nonlinear, dynamic, simulation model for transport, and whole plant allocation of systemic xenobiotics following foliar application. IV: Physicochemical properties requirements for optimum absorption and translocation

The relationship between the physicochemical properties (molar volume, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant) of slow-acting systemic postemergence xenobiotics and their uptake and translocation to the sites of action was investigated using the nonlinear, dynamic simulation model ERMESSE. When the pK_a was held constant at 4.0, the model enables the prediction of the uptake of a systemic xenobiotic as a function of its partition coefficient and molar volume. The model also considered the effects of the physicochemical properties of a systemic xenobiotic on its long-distance translocation within the vascular tissues. For instance, when the log K_ow and pK_a were held constant at 1.5 and 6.0, respectively, the model predicted a higher translocation rate (55%) for molecules with a small (e.g., MV = 100 cm³ mol⁻¹) as opposed to a large (e.g., MV = 300 cm³ mol⁻¹, 33%) molar volume. In addition, the theoretical predictions from the ERMESSE model showed that any xenobiotic with a molar volume not exceeding 300 cm³ mol⁻¹ could provide an uptake ?50% and a translocation rate ?25% when its log K_ow is between −0.5 and 2.5 and its pK_a is between 0.0 and 8.0.     

外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。     

^3H—BA不同溶解法对脐橙果实吸收^3H—BA的影响

＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ分别采用普通热酒精溶解法,加ＰＴ３９助溶剂的改进溶解法配成＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ＋ＧＡ３,于“清家”脐橙第一次重量落果高峰前涂果,改进溶解法使脐橙幼果在２４小时吸收＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ达２２３８８ｄｐｍ,果内＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ浓度达０．８８×１０＾－６,而普通热酒精溶解法仅分别为１２８９０ｄｍｐ和０．４５×１０＾－６,无论采用哪种方法溶解＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ脐橙幼果对＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ的吸收速度都是果后２４小时内最快,此后     

Physiological Factors Limiting Grain Growth in Wheat Ears Cultured in Sucrose Solution

Detached wheat ears (15 days post-anthesis) were cultured in liquid nutrient medium containing different sucrose concentrations (2. 6 and 10%). The volume of solution taken up was highest from 2% sucrose solution and decreased with increasing sucrose concentration. Grain development in terms of grain weight, glumes and rachis weight, nitrogen and protein content showed a linear increase in these variables over 11 days. Dry weight per grain increased with the sucrose level in the medium and the reduced uptake of solution did not decrease the moisture percentage of the grain. The culture of ears decreased the solution pH more with 2% than with 10% sucrose. Addition of 0.5% chloramphenicol to the culture solution had no adverse effect on grain weight, rather it prevented contamination and maintained a higher pH of the solution.     

泡桐木材流体渗透性与扩散性的研究

本文论述了泡桐木材流体渗透性,扩散性,吸着水与自由水的吸着与吸收动力学特性,密度和干缩性以及电镜观察结果;阐明了泡桐木材具有流体可渗透及可扩散路径,有着输导流体的天然机制,水、热处理难易一般;泡桐材本身并不具有隔潮耐湿性,但由于它密度低,胀缩小,变形和开裂的可能性亦小,用它干燥后制成的箱盒容器的密封性、隔潮耐湿性较好。     

Effect of lipid source and bile salts in diet of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., on astaxanthin blood levels

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipid and bile acids on astaxanthin absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish with an average weight of 1500 g were fitted with a dorsal aorta cannula and fed diets containing herring oil, soybean lecithin, lard, or herring oil supplemented with taurocholic acid (2.5 g/kg diet). Each fish was fed all of the experimental diets in successive order to minimize the effect of individual variation. At a given time following the feeding of each diet, blood was collected and analyzed for astaxanthin. Soybean lecithin significantly lowered the absorption of astaxanthin compared to fish fed herring oil. A 20% (p < 0.12) increase in blood astaxanthin was observed when the fish were fed the diet supplemented with taurocholic acid. Feeding lard significantly increased the blood astaxanthin level compared to the control group. It appears that altering the micellar structure by stimulating micellar (taurocholic acid) or mixed micellar (lecithin) systems did not increase the apparent absorption of astaxanthin. However, increasing the phospholipid level may have actually decreased the absorption possibly by lowering the astaxanthin solubility in the micelles. The increased apparent absorption of astaxanthin with lard is possibly linked to the increased content of 16:0, 18:1n − 9 or 18:2n − 6 fatty acids in this diet, or a reduction in very long chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9). This suggests that the solubility of astaxanthin is higher in diets containing higher levels of 16:0 or 18:1n − 1, or alternatively, that reductions in longer chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9) increase the micellar solubility of this pigment.     

野生和养殖牡蛎种群的比较摄食生理研究

１９９５年４～５月在山东省荣成市桑沟湾用模拟现场流水法对该湾野生和养殖太平洋牡垢种群不同大小个体的摄食生理进行了比较研究。实验结果表明，野生和养殖太平洋牡蛎种群在滤水率、选择率和吸收率等方面无明显的差异，但在保留率和摄食率等方面有明显的差异。这说明野生种群能比养殖种群更好地过滤下并摄入海水中的颗粒物。根据实验数据，用计算机模拟得出了野生和养殖牡蛎种群的滤水率与个体体重的关系为：ＦＲω＝２．８８２３Ｗ０．３６４７，Ｒ２＝０．９４２２和ＦＲｃ＝４．０１４４Ｗ０．２６９１，Ｒ２＝０．９０２９。     

不同基因型水稻镉吸收差异及镉对水稻的影响研究进展

研究镉对水稻污染的生理生物学的作用机制,筛选富镉或低吸镉的水稻基因型品种对保护生态环境和生产绿色食品都具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。综述了稻田镉污染的现状、危害,水稻镉吸收积累差异以及镉对水稻生长发育的影响等方面的研究成果,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

白酒中Mn的FAAS测定方法的进一步研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定白酒中的金属元素Mn的含量，对白酒类分析样品的前处理方法做进一步改进，测定方法简单，精密度和灵敏度高，样品测定的相对标准偏差在0．44％～1．87％，回收率达98．5％～102．4％。     

3H—萱草根素在小鼠体内吸收分布,排泄和代谢的初步观察

本文应用放射性同位素示综技术,初步观察了~3H-萱草根素在小鼠体内吸收分布、排泄和代谢的全过程。~3H-萱草根素口服后0.5小时,小鼠血液中放射性即达到高峰,并以低浓度维持96小时以上;其随血液循环分布于各组织器官,以胃肠组织含量最高,其次是肝脏和脾脏。萱草根素有蓄积性;一次给药和以同等剂量分次(每天一次,三天)投药后的相同时间,各组织中~3H-萱草根素的含量差异不显著。主要排泄途径是粪便,其次是尿液。经有机溶剂处理后的尿液分为水、脂二相,其放射性测量和薄板层析放射自显影结果均表明:~3H-萱草根素在体内经过代谢后结构发生了变化,从尿液中排出的不是萱草根素原形,而是其代谢产物。