FGF9调节性腺分化研究进展

性别决定过程是双潜能胚胎发育成睾丸或卵巢的过程.通过小鼠基因敲除试验以及在遗传水平分析性反转病人证明该过程是由多个基因调控的.论文综述了睾丸发育通路中信号分子成纤维细胞生长因子9(FGF9)在性腺分化中的作用.FGF9基因参与调节早期睾丸发育的3个重要事件,为调节性腺体腔上皮细胞增殖,促进Sertoli前体细胞形成,调节中肾细胞迁移,影响睾丸索的形成,FGF9诱导FGFR2在核内定位,并维持Sox9的表达.     

Immunopathology of the eye: Purification of canine retinal “S” antigen

Canine retinal S antigen has been purified to study the retinal progressive atrophy of the dog. The purified antigen will be used to detect, by the ELISA technique, specific autoantibody in dogs with ocular diseases.     

北海道9号苹果在冀北山地引种初报

为探讨北海道９号苹果在冀北山地推广的可能性，于１９９５￣１９９７年进行了引种观察，积累了试验数据。结果表明，北海道９号苹果抗寒性较强，丰产性能好，果实着色好，品质优良，可在冀北平泉县中部及其以南的区域进一步进行生产示范，建园方式采用以国光／海棠作基砧，用高接换头方法较好。     

基于ARM-Linux的生物发酵智能控制系统

介绍了基于ARM-Linux的生物发酵智能控制系统.ARM9使用方便,有利于复杂系统的控制,同时在软件设计上采用了嵌入式Linux,方便了编程,缩短了软件的开发周期,提高了开发效率.针对生物发酵控制过程中的时变性、非线性、延时性和随机性等特点,提出了采用基于遗传算法的模糊神经网络控制方法.该控制方法结合了遗传算法、模糊理论及神经网络的优点,在一定程度上解决了传统控制方法不易得到精确的数学模型和难于对系统进行有效控制的不足.实践表明:该系统具有较强的鲁棒性,能够达到预期的控制效果,可以实现对发酵系统进行有效的控制.     

Interleukin 1, a mediator of immunoadjuvant peptidoglycans

Bacterial peptidoglycans and the synthetic analog muramyl dipeptide possess various immunomodulating properties (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to infectious agents and to tumor growth). They are able to induce B cell activation and to stimulate macrophages to produce monokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL 1). IL 1 plays an essential role in immune response. It promotes thymocytes maturation and Interleukin 2 secretion by antigen sensitive T cells, which in turn triggers regulatory T cells. Moreover, it is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.

There is a correlation between the immunoenhancing effect of PG of a definite structure and their ability to induce IL 1 secretion. Non-adjuvant PG were inactive. This suggests that one of the major mechanisms of action of adjuvant PG could be the stimulation of IL 1 synthesis.     

Adenovirus-mediated mPPARγ1 gene overexpression inhibits IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 gene and protein expression in ECV304

AIM:To investigate whether adenovirus-mediated mPPARγ1 gene overexpression inhibits IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 gene and protein expression in ECV304. METHODS:A replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of mPPARγ1 was constructed by using the AdEasy system. ECV304 were incubated for 24 h with 1×104 U/L, 5×104 U/L, 1×105 U/L and 2×105 U/L IFN-γ, respectively. ECV304 stimulated with 1×105 U/L IFN-γ were divided into 4 groups in random: P group (PPARγ1 gene overexpression), T group (treated with troglitazone 40 μmol/L in DMSO), PT group (PPARγ1 gene overexpression+troglitazone treatment) and control group. Changes of PPARγ and galectin-9 in mRNA and protein levels in different groups and subgroups were investigated by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Galectin-9 expression was very few in normal ECV304. IFN-γ induced the expression of galectin-9 in ECV304. Degree of galectin-9 expression increased with the dose of IFN-γ. PPARγ1 gene overexpression inhibited IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 expression in ECV304. Galectin-9 mRNA and protein expressions from PT group and P group were inhibited in similar degree (P>0.05). However, this effect was not observed in troglitazone intervention (P>0.05). PPARγ expression was also very few in normal ECV304. PPARγ1 gene overexpression/activation had no effect on endogenous mPPARγ expression. CONCLUSION: This may partly contributed to the anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effect of PPARγ1 gene overexpression by inhibiting IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 gene and protein expression in ECV304.     

Coronaviridae, pathogenetic and clinical aspects: An update

A review is given about pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the well-known as well as of recently detected members of the family Coronaviridae. Special attention is paid to coronavirus infections of domestic cattle and pets, whereas avian, murine, rat and human coronaviruses are summarized briefly.     

PK-15细胞的ISG15基因敲除促进PRV的复制

本试验旨在研究干扰素刺激基因15（interferon-stimulated gene 15,ISG15）敲除对猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）复制的影响。通过CRISPR/Cas9技术构建猪ISG15基因敲除猪肾上皮（PK-15）细胞系,利用CCK-8试剂盒检测PK-15敲除ISG15基因对细胞活力的影响,采用间接免疫荧光技术检测PK-15以及PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞感染PRV的增殖差异,通过RT-qPCR检测PRV-EP0、PRV-gE、PRV-VP16和IFN-β的转录水平,Western blot检测PRV-gE和ISG15的蛋白表达水平,以及通过病毒噬斑检测对子代病毒感染力的影响。结果表明,sgRNA1和sgRNA2均成功敲除ISG15基因;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力结果表明,敲除ISG15基因对PK-15细胞活力无影响;间接免疫荧光检测结果表明,PRV感染后,PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞中的荧光强度明显高于PK-15细胞;RT-qPCR和Western blot结果表明,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的转录和蛋白表达;病毒噬斑试验进一步显示,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的复制。另外,RT-qPCR结果显示,敲除ISG15可以抑制PRV感染引起的IFN-β转录上调。本研究成功构建了PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞系,并通过PRV感染试验证实ISG15基因可以抑制PRV在PK-15细胞中的增殖,并推测这种抑制作用可能与IFN通路有关。     

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of lignin-derived products from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> treated in supercritical water

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood was treated with supercritical water (9muyd8xlqga/xxlarge8811.gif" alt="Gt" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">374°C, 9muyd8xlqga/xxlarge8811.gif" alt="Gt" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">22.19muyd8xlqga/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">MPa), and fractionated into the water-soluble portion, the methanol-soluble portion, and the methanol-insoluble residue. The methanol-soluble portion mainly consisted of the lignin-derived products. To characterize the compounds in the methanol-soluble portion, gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses were performed. The GPC analysis indicated that the methanol-soluble portion contained lignin-derived monomeric and dimeric products. GC-MS analysis detected 31 products which were expected to be monomeric compounds, and 18 of these were identified to be guaiacol, methylguaiacol, ethylguaiacol, vinylguaiacol, eugenol, propylguaiacol, vanillin, cis-isoeugenol, homovanillin, trans-isoeugenol, acetoguaiacone, propioguaiacone, guaiacylacetone, 2-methoxy-4-(1-hydroxypropyl)phenol, homovanillic acid, 2-methoxy-4-(prop-1-en-3-one)phenol, coniferyl aldehyde, and ferulic acid. In addition, 22 dimeric products were detected, and 4 of these were believed to be compounds with biphenyl type (5-5), diphenylethane type (9muyd8xlqga/xxlarge914.gif" alt="Bgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-1), stilbene type (9muyd8xlqga/xxlarge914.gif" alt="Bgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-1), and phenylcoumaran type (9muyd8xlqga/xxlarge914.gif" alt="Bgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-5) structures. These results clearly indicated that the methanol-soluble portion included various monomeric and dimeric compounds produced as a result of the cleavage of ether linkages and propyl chains of lignin.     

Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming

Pretreatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extracts, such as embryonic stem cells and mammalian oocytes, is an attractive alternative method for reprogramming control. The properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to those of embryonic stem cells; however, no studies have reported somatic cell nuclear reprogramming using iPSC extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine iPSC extracts treatment on porcine ear fibroblasts and early development of porcine cloned embryos produced from porcine ear skin fibroblasts pretreated with the porcine iPSC extracts. The Chariot^TM reagent system was used to deliver the iPSC extracts into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts. The iPSC extracts-treated cells (iPSC-treated cells) were cultured for 3 days and used for analyzing histone modification and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Compared to the results for nontreated cells, the trimethylation status of histone H3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) in the iPSC-treated cells significantly decreased. The expression of Jmjd2b, the H3K9 trimethylation-specific demethylase gene, significantly increased in the iPSC-treated cells; conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic genes, Bax and p53, significantly decreased. When the iPSC-treated cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes, no differences were observed in blastocyst development and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the results for control cells. However, H3K9 trimethylation of pronuclear-stage-cloned embryos significantly decreased in the iPSC-treated cells. Additionally, Bax and p53 gene expression in the blastocysts was significantly lower in iPSC-treated cells than in control cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that an extracts of porcine iPSCs can affect histone modification and gene expression in porcine ear skin fibroblasts and cloned embryos.