Roles of protein phosphatase 4 in down-regulation of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid in human umbilical vein endotheli?al cells

AIMTo investigate the roles of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) in down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid (PA). METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA at 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200μmol/L for 36 h, or treated with PA at 100 μmol/L for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) family inhibitor fostriecin (FST, 20 nmol/L) or okadaic acid (OA, 5 nmol/L) was selected to pretreat the HUVECs for 30 min. Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4c) siRNA or protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) siRNA was transfected into the HUVECs. The protein expression levels of of eNOS, PP4c and PP2Ac, as well as the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, were detected by Western blot. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) content was measured by DAF-FM DA. RESULTS(1) Compared with control group, the levels of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation were decreased in PA groups in which the HUVECs were treated with 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L PA for 36 h (P<0.05) and 100 μmol/L PA for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h (P<0.05). No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (2) Compared with control group, both FST and OA pretreatment reversed the reduction of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation (P<0.05) and the decrease in intracellular NO content (P<0.05) induced by PA. No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (3) Compared with si-Control group, the PP4c protein expression was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation was significantly increased in si-PP4c group (P<0.05). Although the levels of PP2Ac protein expression declined significantly (P<0.05), the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation remained unchanged in si-PP2Ac group. No significant differencein the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was found. CONCLUSION PA significantly reduces the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation and the content of NO in the HUVECs, which may be due to PA inducing the activation of the PP2A family member PP4 rather than PP2A.     

Role of IP3R in LH-EGFR-induced mouse oocyte meiotic resumption

AIM: To explore the effect of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisposphate receptor (IP₃R) in luteinizing hormone-epidermal growth factor receptor (LH-EGFR)-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. METHODS: Models of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexs (COCs) culture and follicle culture in vitro were generated to study the effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) and heparin (IP₃R specific inhibitors) on LH/EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and EGF-induced cumulus cell expansion. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of cumulus expansion-related factors. The changes of the intracellular calcium level were monitored using Fluo 3-AM, and the cGMP level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The inhibitors of IP₃R, 2-APB and heparin, dramatically reversed EGF-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05) and decreased cGMP levels in COCs (P<0.05). In addition, 2-APB and heparin reversed EGF-induced cumulus expansion, and significantly inhibited EGF-induced cumulus expansion-related factor expression (P<0.05). The activation of IP₃R increased intracellular calcium level, and the study found that 2-APB and heparin dramatically reversed EGF-induced elevation of calcium level in cumulus cells (P<0.05). Follicular culture in vitro showed that 2-APB and heparin significantly reversed the LH-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LH-EGFR signaling pathway increases calcium level in cumulus cells through IP₃R, resulting in meiotic resumption.     

关于光呼吸与光合作用关系的研究——Ⅶ、光呼吸是伴随光合作用发生的过程

测定水稻、小麦、棉花等C_3植物和玉米、高粱等C_4植物的光合与光呼吸强度,研究不同处理对光合与光呼吸的影响。植物的光呼吸是与光合作用伴随发生的。强光、高氮等有利光合作用的因素能促进光呼吸;DCMU、叶片失水等抑制光合作用的因素也降低光呼吸。在光合滞后期中,光合强度与光呼吸强度平行上升。在同类植物中,光呼吸强度与光合强度之间有较稳定的比值,C_3、C_4植物的光呼吸占光合分别为30—35％和4％。     

O3与O3/H2O2两个体系降解除草剂2,4-D反应特性研究

分别采用O3、O3/H2O2体系降解苯氧羧酸类除草剂2,4-D,探讨了降解过程中反应温度、pH值、O3混合气流量、有机物初始浓度等操作条件的变化对降解动力学的影响。结果发现,温度和pH值的影响较大,O3流量影响最小,温度升高、pH值增大、臭氧流量增加、2,4-D初始浓度降低均有助于降解速率的提高。O3/H2O2体系中,H2O2能促进O3分解产生大量自由基,导致2,4-D反应活化能降低。和O3相比,O3/H2O2体系降解效果好,降解时间短,反应条件温和,操作费用低,是很有发展前景的高级氧化技术。     

NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3对南瓜幼苗的生理胁迫效应

为探讨中性及碱性盐胁迫作用差异及其原因,用Na+浓度分别为120、240和480 mmol/L的NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液处理南瓜幼苗6 d,将3种不同钠盐对南瓜幼苗的胁迫程度进行了比较。结果表明,Na2SO4胁迫除对南瓜幼苗干物重抑制程度大于NaCl外,其余指标的变化趋势都显示出NaCl盐害程度高于Na2SO4。但在Na2CO3胁迫下,南瓜幼苗干物重和叶绿素含量下降,脯氨酸含量明显增加,MDA含量上升加剧,而使根系活力下降。这些变化表明,Na2CO3对南瓜幼苗的伤害作用最大,NaCl次之,Na2SO4最小。     

猪生长激素基因与白介素-4基因在小鼠体内的表达效应

比较研究了阳离子脂质体包裹VpGH、VpGH联合VpIL-4以及脂质体(对照)腹腔注射昆明小鼠的增长效应与免疫应答。结果表明:VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠的增重幅度与VpGH注射小鼠相比出现负增长;在血清GH水平上VpGH注射小鼠、VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠两组之间无明显差异;在白细胞数量、红细胞数量上VpGH注射小鼠、VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠两组之间无明显差异。在IgG表达上各组均无显著差异。     

甘蔗愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以甘蔗粤糖95-168号心叶为材料,分别在添加2,4-D1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5和5.0 mg/L8个处理的MS培养基上培养。试验结果表明,不同浓度的2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导有明显影响,并对愈伤组织分化诱导培养产生影响,其中以2,4-D 2.5 mg/L最佳。幼苗经1/2 MS+NAA1.0 mg/L+AC0.05%培养基诱导生根后成为完整的植株。     

立方尖晶石C3N4硬度的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,在广义梯度近似和局域密度近似下,计算了立方尖晶石C3N4的体变模量,切变模量和维氏硬度。结果表明：维氏硬度相对于体变模量和切变模量能更好地描述立方尖晶石C3N4的硬度,C3N4的维氏硬度约为72GPa,且有较高的电子密度,较短的键长和较大的共价性。     

全放牧婆罗门牛和BMY牛的超数排卵效果及激素水平比较

为了比较婆罗门牛和BMY牛的雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)水平及胚胎生产潜力,并探讨MOET技术在BMY牛扩繁中的应用前景,采用进口激素(日本产FSH 24~36 mg+美国产PG 35 mg)和国产激素(国产FSH 10~12 mg+国产PG 0.8 mg)对全放牧婆罗门牛和BMY牛进行超排,并于超排前(同期发情第7天)、超排开始、超排第3天、超排发情当天和胚胎回收当天采集血液,采用RIA法分析血浆中的E2和P4水平。结果表明,BMY牛的黄体数和获胚(卵)数、可用胚数分别较婆罗门牛高2.09个和0.95、0.36枚,但差异不显著(P>0.05);BMY牛的排卵率较婆罗门牛高18.46%(P<0.01),而可用胚率则较婆罗门牛低2.55%(P<0.01)。BMY牛在5个处理时段的E2和P4平均值分别较婆罗门牛高0.58 pg/mL(P<0.01)和1.44 ng/mL(P>0.05),在各处理时段的P4水平变化规律几乎与婆罗门牛一致,E2/P4值为婆罗门牛的5.16倍。结果提示,BMY母牛的E2和P4水平高于婆罗门牛,在激素水平和繁殖性能方面表现出一定的杂种优势;E2水平低是婆罗门牛发情微弱和排卵率低的主要原因之一;在同等放牧管理和超排处理条件下,婆罗门牛及其杂种BMY牛对外源激素的敏感性基本一致,具有同等的胚胎生产潜力。     

应用生长调节剂对锦橙留树保鲜的影响

重庆地区锦橙果实采前应用GA处理以延缓果实成熟,可留树保鲜2～3个月,再配合使用2,4-D,座果率可达百分之九十五左右,且果实色泽鲜艳、可溶性固形物含量高、果肉细嫩、风味浓甜,只要加强栽培管理,一般不影响翌年的产最。