Evaluation of a single dose versus a divided dose regimen of danofloxacin in treatment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs

A single versus a divided dose regimen of danofloxacin was evaluated in treatment of porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection using clinical observations combined with biochemical infection markers: C-reactive protein, zinc and ascorbic acid. Twenty hours after experimental infection, the 18 pigs received danofloxacin intravenously as a single dose of 2.5mg/kg or four doses of 0.6 mg/kg administered at 24h intervals. These dosage regimens resulted in similar AUCs of the plasma danofloxacin vs time curve. The maximum concentration was 3.5-fold higher using the single dose regimen, while the time with concentrations above the MIC was 2.5-fold longer using the fractionated regimen. Using the single dose regimen, temperature was normalised 32 h post-infection. In contrast, normalisation was delayed until 44 h post-infection using four low doses and a relapse with elevated temperatures at 52 and 68 h was observed. No other significant differences between the treatments were found, neither regarding clinical, haematological nor biochemical observations. The use of the more convenient single dose regimen was appropriate, as it was at least equivalent to the fractionated regimen.     

线虫fat-1基因密码子优化设计

本研究旨在优化线虫fat-1基因,使其在牛肌肉组织中高效表达,为进一步生产fat-1转基因肉牛提供目的基因。试验在不改变fat-1基因编码氨基酸序列的基础上,参考了11个牛肌肉蛋白相关基因的密码子使用频率,对fat-1基因进行了密码子优化。结果发现,共改变了65个碱基,涉及65个密码子、7个氨基酸,约占fat-1基因总碱基数的5.38%,G+C含量从45.08%上升到50.04%,且分布均匀利于基因的表达。结构预测结果显示,该优化后的基因能够在牛肌肉中高效表达。     

南疆地区小花棘豆的营养成分分析

对新疆南疆地区小花棘豆Oxytropis glabra风干样的常规营养成分、主要矿物质元素及氨基酸含量进行测定,结果表明:小花棘豆干物质含量为94.49%、粗蛋白含量为14.97%、粗脂肪含量为3.11%、总能值为14 234 J/g、粗灰分含量为9.32%、中性洗涤纤维为36.70%、酸性洗涤纤维为28.06%、木质素为3.98%、纤维素为24.06%、钙0.98%、磷0.15%。小花棘豆中含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量(占干质量)为13.42%,必需氨基酸总量为12.68%;微量元素含量与紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的含量接近,是潜在的牧草资源。     

Effects of glucose and amino acids on ghrelin secretion in sheep

Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of post‐ruminal administration of starch and casein (Exp. 1), plasma amino acids concentrations (Exp. 2), and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (Exp. 2) on plasma ghrelin concentrations in sheep. In Exp. 1, plasma ghrelin concentrations were determined by four infusion treatments (water, cornstarch, casein and cornstarch plus casein) in four wethers. Abomasal infusion of casein increased plasma α‐amino N (AAN) concentrations. Infusion of starch or casein alone did not affect plasma ghrelin concentrations, but starch plus casein infusion increased plasma levels of ghrelin, glucose and AAN. In Exp 2, we investigated the effects of saline or amino acids on ghrelin secretion in four wethers. Two hours after the initiation of saline or amino acid infusion into the jugular vein, glucose was also continuously infused to investigate the effects of blood glucose and insulin by hyper‐glycemic clump on plasma ghrelin concentrations. Infusion of amino acids alone raised plasma levels of ghrelin, but the higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations had no effect on plasma ghrelin concentrations. These results suggest that high plasma levels of amino acids can stimulate ghrelin secretion, but glucose and insulin do not affect ghrelin secretion in sheep.     

Effect of fulvic and humic acids on performance, immune response and thyroid function in rats

Effect of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on production parameters, immune response and thyroid function of rats were investigated in two experiments. First experiment: control or 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. Second experiment: control and 0.4% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. The feeding period lasted 26 days in both trials. No significant changes were observed in production parameters. Ovalbumine antibody titre of rats on HA- or FA-supplemented diets showed dose-dependent (at 0.4% supplementation) and significant (p < 0.05) increase (350 and 418% respectively) over the control (100%). Dose-related increase of plasma TSH (r = 0.99), and decrease of the T(4)/T(3) ratio (r = -0.97) was observed in FA-supplemented rats. Second experiment: both FA and HA stimulated the immune response by the 14th day (mean values: control: 685.79; FA: 1131.37; HA: 1055.6099) and 26th day (control: 544.31; FA: 1969.83; HA: 1600.00). No significant differences were noted with lymphocyte stimulation test. Diameter of the 'B'-dependent lymphoid tissues in the ileum and spleen were significantly (p < 0.05) larger in both the FA- and HA-treated animals. Humic acid and FA supplementation resulted in strong humoral immune stimulation. Our data also indicate that FA content is responsible for the mild hypothyroid effect of humic substances.     

Influence of Montmoriilonite Nanocomposite on Tissue Levels of Lead and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Pigs Exposed to Lead1

ABSTRACT： Eighteen （Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire） castrated boars, 55 days of age and weig- hing approximately 19 kg, were used to investigate the effects of montmorillonite nanocomposite on tissue levels of lead as well as changes in blood biochemical parameters in pigs fed lead contaminated diets. The barrows were randomly assigned to one of three treat- ments （n = 6） including a control which were fed a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal. The re- maining two groups were fed the basal diet supple- mented with 10 mg/kg lead either with or without 0.5% montmorillonite nanocomposite for 50 days. Pigs treated with lead had significantly increased lev- els of lead in their tissues. Lead accumulated in all tis- sues of the body with the highest accumulation found in the hair. When montmorillonite nanocomposite was given along with lead, tissue concentrations of lead did not differ from the control. Fecal excretion of leadincreased significantly in lead-exposed pigs treated with montmorillonite nanocomposite. A progressive and appreciable accumulation of lead was seen in blood with a concomitant increase in zinc protopor- phyrin levels during the course of treatment. Howev- er, zinc protoporphyrin levels did not differ from the control when montmorillonite nanocomposite was ad- ministered along with lead. The activity of ~-amino le- vulinic acid dehydratase in blood was significantly in- creased in lead treated pigs compared with the con- trol. However, in pigs treated with lead and montmo- riltonite nanocomposite in combination, the activity of δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase was similar to con- trol pigs. Our results indicate that montmorillonite nanocomposite treatment of pigs exposed to lead re- suited in reduced lead concentrations in body tissues. It appears that montmorillonite nanocomposite func- tions by increasing fecal excretion of lead.     

PAX3转录因子在羊驼皮肤组织中的表达和定位分析

本研究旨在研究PAX3在羊驼皮肤组织中的表达和分布。利用免疫组织化学和Western blot技术研究PAX3转录因子在不同被毛颜色羊驼皮肤组织中的表达与分布。结果表明PAX3在毛球基底层细胞之间,毛乳头周围和毛根部都存在阳性表达,并在不同被毛颜色羊驼皮肤组织中的表达存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结果提示PAX3参与了黑色素细胞的增殖、分化和迁移,PAX3与色素的形成相关。     

桦木酸对小鼠免疫器官抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究桦木酸(BA)对小鼠免疫器官抗氧化能力的影响.选取健康的昆明系小鼠28只,随机分为4组(每组7只),每天每只分别按每千克体重0、0.25、0.50、1.00 mg的剂量给予BA,BA混悬于0.2 mL1％可溶性淀粉溶液中.以灌胃方式给予,每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d后,检测各组小鼠脾脏和胸腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GHS-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).结果表明:BA可使小鼠脾脏和胸腺中SOD、GSH-Px活性以及T-AOC升高,MDA含量降低.其中,每千克体重灌胃0.50 mg BA能显著或极显著提高脾脏和胸腺中GSH-Px活性和T-AOC(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),显著或极显著降低胸腺和脾脏中MDA含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);每千克体重灌胃1.00 mg BA能显著或极显著提高脾脏和胸腺中SOD活性、T-AOC以及脾脏中GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),极显著降低胸腺和脾脏中MDA含量(P＜0.01).由此得出,BA能有效地增强小鼠免疫器官的抗氧化能力.     

30～38周龄产蛋鸡理想氨基酸模式的研究

本试验旨在通过4个剂量-反应试验,研究30～38周龄产蛋鸡对赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、色氨酸(Trp)和苏氨酸(Thr)4种必需氨基酸(AA)的需要量及其比例.每个试验均采用360只海兰灰产蛋鸡,设5个处理,分别采食5个AA梯度水平的试验饲粮,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.采用蛋公鸡回肠食糜法测定饲料原料的标准回肠可消化(SID)值.试验预试期14 d,正试期56 d.结果表明:海兰灰产蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、日产蛋量和料蛋比与SIDLys、SID Met、SID Trp和SID Thr的摄入水平均有较好的折线回归关系;以日产蛋量为自变量(x),AA摄入水平为依变量(Y)分别建立的回归方程为:YSID Lys=51.60-0.041 6(682.5-x),R2=0.96;YsID Met=51.43-0.085(314.1-x),R2 =0.95;YSID Trp =51.17-0.155 4(163.0-x),R2=0.97;YsID Thr=52.85-0.057 6(499.5-x),R2=0.93.在饲粮粗蛋白质12.8％的条件下,以日产蛋量为参照指标确定的30 ～ 38周龄产蛋鸡的SID Lys、SID Met、SID Trp和SID Thr需要量分别为684、313、171和506 mg/(只·d).以日产蛋量为指标建立的30～38周龄产蛋鸡理想SID AA模式为:Lys:Met:Trp:Thr=100∶46∶24∶73.