6种杀菌剂对马铃薯早疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用组织分离法对采自河北省、内蒙古和黑龙江省的马铃薯早疫病叶片进行分离,通过观察孢子形态确定得到菌株为茄链格孢(Alternaria solani).为了筛选出能够高效防治马铃薯早疫病的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种杀菌剂对不同地区马铃薯早疫病菌的室内毒力.结果表明:6种药剂中抑菌效果较好的是80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG,EC50值范围分别为4.20～10.77 mg/L和3.02～17.45 mg/L;抑菌效果最差的药剂是72％百菌清SC,EC50值范围为550.91～1 888.40 mg/L.供试药剂对不同地区菌株间的毒力存在一定差异,针对不同地区菌株筛选毒力较强的药剂,对河北省围场地区菌株毒力较强的药剂为80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG;内蒙古地区为80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG;黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区为80％代森锰锌WP和25％嘧菌酯SC.     

饲料效率或一直未被准确测量

正众所周知,在现代养殖体系下,饲料占猪肉生产总成本中的60%-70%.而在饲料中,仅能量成本一项就可能占50%,甚至更多。尽管饲料效率与整体饲料成本和盈利情况紧密相关,但是在商业化条件下,对饲料效率的管理和测量是非常困难。而且提高饲料效率所采取的措施也可能会无意中导致经济损失,如:仅用于提高饲料效率进行的遗传选育可能会降低生长速率;提高日粮     

双条杉天牛卵发育起点温度和有效积温研究

为研究温度对内蒙古地区双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus卵发育影响,测定20,25,30℃下双条杉天牛卵的发育历期。结果表明:20℃时卵的发育历期极显著长于25,30℃下卵的发育历期,25℃与30℃下卵的发育历期差异不显著。用有效积温法则中"最小二乘法",得出双条杉天牛卵的发育起点温度(C)为(14.99±5.06)℃,有效积温(K)为(51.86±4.62)度·日,并建立双条杉天牛卵的发育历期预测模型。结果可为预测内蒙古地区双条杉天牛卵的孵化期提供依据。     

猪脱水症状的综合防治

经过很长时间对猪脱水病情的观察诊断,逐步发现当猪在患有某些疾病的时候,如果患病时间过长就会引起猪脱水。笔者通过对628例脱水情况显著的病猪及时采用不同的治疗方法,发现了补液疗法的治疗效果最为可观。补液疗法可以通过向病猪补充体液达到解除脱水、调节水盐释毒物的效果,并能促进病猪的血液循环、维持肾脏、心脏功能,从而解除自体中毒。本文就猪脱水的原因、症状及防治方法进行相关分析,以期能为猪的养殖提供有效参考。     

Comparisons of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Relation to Lint Yield Among F_1 Hybrids,Their F_2 Descendants and Parental Lines of Cotton

We compared the photosynthetic characteristics in relation to yield of two F1 cotton hybrids（Shiza 2-F1 and Xinluzao 43-F1）, their parental lines（NT2, H2 and 4-14） and their F2 descendants at different growth and development stages. The two F1 exhibited heterobeltiosis in net photosynthetic rate（Pn） by 8.1-52.1%, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate（CAP） by 8.2-57.6% and canopy respiration rate（CR） by 3.0-78.7% during the growing season. They also exhibited mid-parent heterosis by 2.0-5.2% in leaf chlorophyll content（SPAD） during the late growth and development stages. Regression analysis showed that both parents contributed to increase in Pn, SPAD and CAP in the F1. A low CR in the F1 matched a low CR of the parental line. Photosynthetic characteristics in the F2 were mainly dependent upon the magnitude and degeneration rate of the F1. Mid-parent heterosis in CAP and in CR during the late growth and development stage reduced the degeneration of the F2. Average dry matter accumulation was 10.7-34.7% higher in the parental lines of Xinluzao 43-F1 than in the parental lines of Shiza 2-F1. Heterobeltiosis in dry matter accumulation was 7.0-23.1% greater for Xinluzao 43-F1 than for Shiza 2-F1. Dry matter accumulation in the F1 was affected by either the dry matter accumulation of parents or heterobeltiosis. Dry matter accumulation in the F2 was mainly influenced by dry matter accumulation in the F1. The yields of the two F1 were 39.1-46.3% higher than their respective parents and 26.4-45.9% higher than that of the conventional cultivar Xinluzao 33. The yields of the two F2 were 9.2-12.8% higher than the parents and 14.9-27.4% higher than that of Xinluzao 33. The photosynthetic production and yield of the F1 and F2 were higher than that of their parents. The increases in Pn and CAP of the F1 and F2 were dependent on the photosynthetic characteristics of their parents. It is thus concluded that the photosynthetic performance, light use efficiency and yield of the F1 can be improved by using at le     

“止痢汤”治疗仔猪黄、白痢病疗效观察

仔猪黄痢和白痢是由大肠杆菌引起的哺乳仔猪的常见病和多发病。仔猪黄痢是初生仔猪的一种急性、高度致死性肠道传染病,发病日龄在1-7天以内。临床上以剧烈腹泻、排出黄色或黄白色水样粪便,以迅速脱水死亡为特征。仔猪白痢是10-30日龄仔猪多发的一种急性传染病,临床上以病猪突然发生腹泻,排出灰白色或黄白色具有腥臭味的浆状、糊状粪便.     

制作风味独特的椿芽菜

1．脱水香椿 （1）烫漂 选料时要保持椿芽完整,尽量避免伤叶断芽。将整理好的香椿芽浸入含0．5％小苏打的沸水里,不断搅拌保持水滚开,烫漂2～4分钟,以破坏椿芽中酶的活性,保持椿芽的绿色。     

猪脱水症状的综合防治措施探讨

猪脱水症状是在生猪养殖过程中的一种常见现象,由于细胞内脱水会造成细胞内氧化酶活性的降低,进而引发代谢障碍,因此其对生猪的健康生长会构成严重威胁,需要引起养殖人员的广泛重视。文章首先分析了猪脱水症状的产生原因,然后介绍了猪发生脱水症状的几种类型,最后探讨了猪发生脱水症状后的综合防治措施。     

敖汉和维多利亚紫花苜蓿对低磷环境应激机制的比较

为了探索紫花苜蓿在低磷环境下的表现及响应机制,以期为提高苜蓿磷利用效率及磷吸收效率提供参考。试验以耐低磷较强的敖汉苜蓿和耐低磷较弱的维多利亚苜蓿为研究对象,以正常磷(500 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)处理为对照,低磷(5 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)胁迫处理10、15、20 d后,分别观测其形态特征及生理指标的变化,比较两个品种在低磷胁迫下的差异,综合分析其耐低磷机制。结果表明,低磷胁迫下,敖汉和维多利亚的株高、地上生物量及磷含量有所下降,地下生物量、根冠比、总根长、根表面积及磷利用率有所提高,二者净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降(P<0.05),但是敖汉的下降幅度都远小于维多利亚;二者的酸性磷酸酶活性都极显著增强(P<0.01),但敖汉的酸性磷酸酶活性极显著高于维多利亚(P<0.01)。综合表明,低磷胁迫抑制了苜蓿的地上部分生长,促进了地下部分生长,敖汉较维多利亚耐低磷主要表现在光合作用受低磷影响较小、磷酸酶活性增强幅度较大。通过两个品种在低磷胁迫下的不同表现,为紫花苜蓿的耐低磷机制研究提供一定的理论依据。