芒柄花素对大鼠血压和心电的影响

芒柄花素(Formononetin)是从豆科植物三叶草中分离提纯得到的一种植物雌激素类物质,属异黄酮类化合物。芒柄花素和其它异黄酮类物质对家畜繁殖力有明显作用,对生长发育及泌乳的影响,也开始引起注意。本研究室发现,芒柄花素对离体蟾蜍心脏有强心作用。为了解芒柄花素对于哺乳动物心血管系统的作用及其机制,作者对大鼠进     

5年生种植人参对成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调节作用

目的观察5年生种植人参食用对成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的影响,探讨人参食用对机体内分泌系统功能的调节作用。方法正常成年Wistar大鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,观察下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的变化。结果与对照组比较,人参原粉中、大剂量组,人参水提物大剂量组和人参醇提物中、大剂量组均可使正常成年大鼠血清FSH的含量降低(P0.05或P0.01),人参原粉中剂量组可以使正常大鼠前列腺脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉小、大剂量组可以使正常大鼠睾丸+附睾脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物各剂量组对正常成年雄性大鼠血清T、Cor.及海绵体组织中NO的含量,雌性大鼠血清E2、Cor.的含量,血清中LH的含量及阴茎、子宫和卵巢脏器系数均无明显影响(P0.05)。结论人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物对正常成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴具有一定的调节作用。     

人参皂苷Rb3及Rb2组合物对大鼠实验性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rb,及Rb,组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法采用大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌梗死模型,计算急性心肌梗死24h后的心肌梗死面积（MIS）,测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶（AST）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力,丙二醛（MAD）及一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物5、10、20mg／kg均可明显缩小急性心肌梗死大鼠的MIS,降低血清CK、LDH、AST活性及MAD含量,提高血清SOD、GSH—Px活性及NO含量。结论人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死具有明显保护作用,可能与其增强抗氧化酶活性,减少氧自由基对心肌的损伤等机制有关。     

双拷贝抑制素基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔及生殖激素的影响

将90只大鼠随机分为5组,分别注射10μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T1)、50μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T2)、100μg.100μL-1(T3)pcISI、100μg空载体pcMV-S(V)和100μL生理盐水(S),以探讨在不使用免疫佐剂的情况下,不同剂量的双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔和生殖激素的影响。结果表明,加强免疫能提高抗体P/N值,加强免疫后各剂量组平均抗体P/N值大于2,T3组抗体P/N值显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。T3组成熟卵泡数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且抗体阳性鼠成熟卵泡数比阴性鼠多12.45个(P<0.05)。除了T1组外,其他2个剂量组产仔数和胎盘数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。抗体阳性鼠胎盘数比阴性鼠多5.09个(P<0.05),产仔数比阴性鼠多5.39个(P<0.05)。抑制素pcISI基因免疫大鼠后促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)含量均高于对照组,T3组的FSH含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),T3组的E2含量与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),各剂量组P4含量与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。这些结果说明,在没有免疫佐剂的前提下,双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫可产生抗体,促进FSH分泌和卵泡发育,增加产仔数。本试验条件下100μg.100μL-1是最佳免疫剂量。     

大肠埃希菌O111∶B4内毒素对大鼠肝脏表达HSP70的影响

应用免疫组织化学技术研究了HSP70在内毒素损伤大鼠肝脏中表达的影响。将48只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(Ⅰ组)和内毒素(ET)组(Ⅱ组),每组各24只。两组大鼠分别经尾静脉注射等量无热源生理盐水和内毒素5 mg/kg体重后,分别在3、4、8、12 h采集肝脏作为检测样本,应用HE染色和免疫组织化学染色技术进行检测。结果表明,肝脏的病理变化在内毒素攻击3 h后明显增多,4 h达到峰值,而在8 h后逐渐下降;在对照组和ET组中均有HSP70表达,但ET组的表达极显著明显高于对照组(P0.01),且ET组HSP70表达量随时间的延长而下降。说明在体内内毒素可诱导HSP70在肝脏中的表达。     

大鼠发情周期中主要生殖激素的变化

动物的生殖过程是由生殖激素严格调控的,深入研究生殖激素对畜牧生产具有重要的指导意义。然而发情周期中生殖激素的变化非常复杂,虽然人们在这方面做了许多的研究,但仍有许多问题仍不明了,对许多问题的认识还存在分歧。文章基于最近十几年的研究成果,以大鼠为对象,在综述了促性腺激素释放激素、促卵泡素、促黄体素、雌二醇及孕酮等几种重要的生殖激素的来源、生物学特性的基础上,着重介绍了这几种生殖激素在大鼠发情周期中的变化,并对影响生殖的因素进行了总结。     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Test on Rats of a New Kind of Antidiarrheal Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound Preparation for Livestock

In order to understand the security of a new kind of antidiarrheal Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation for livestock,acute and sub-chronic toxicity test were conducted.Acute toxicity test used the largest drug dose method,20 Wistar rats were orally treated with the Chinese medicine compound preparation.In the sub-chronic toxicity test,80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each group and orally given a dose of 3 000,1 500,750 and 0 mg/(kg·BW）of Chinese medicine compound preparation once a day for 30 days.The general clinical status was observed,rats weight were measured and the dose was adjusted every week during the test,after the test measured blood routine index,biochemistry index,and preceded the gross anatomy observation,weighing each major organs and calculated the viscera coefficient,and proceded main viscera histopathological observation between the high dose group and the control group.The acute toxicity results showed that every rat would be alive gavaged with the lethal dose（LD₅₀）of compound preparation larger 5 g/(kg·BW).The sub-chronic toxicity autopsy showed that except heart,lung,and testicles in individual rats appeared mild bleeding in the high dose group,the other dose group organs found no abnormal change.The haematological index showed except mononuclear cell rate（P<0.05),and hematocrit declined significantly（P<0.05）in the high dose group,all the indexes of the other groups were in the normal range,there was no significant difference from the control group.The test suggested the Chinese medicine compound preparation was no toxicity under the condition of this test according to acute toxicity classification standard of exogenous chemicals by WTO,there was no effect on the growth and development of rats in the sub-chronic toxicity test,and there was no chronic toxicity at least 1 500 mg/kg feeding conditions in short-term repeated application.     

藤黄果提取物对高脂日粮诱导的大鼠部分组织中氨基酸谱的影响

为探讨藤黄果提取(-)-羟基柠檬酸(HCA)对高脂日粮诱导的大鼠部分组织器官中氨基酸谱的影响,选用100只雄性SD大鼠随机分成5组:普通日粮对照组,高脂日粮对照组,高脂日粮添加藤黄果提取物低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只。高脂日粮组分别于日粮中添加相当于(-)-HCA的剂量为0,1 000,2 000和3 000 mg/kg的藤黄果提取物,饲养8周后采集静脉血,分离血清,取肝脏、腿肌等样品。试验结果表明:与普通日粮对照组比较,高脂日粮对照组中,大鼠体增重和BMI均极显著升高(P0.01)。与高脂日粮对照组比较,3个剂量的藤黄果提取物处理均可极显著降低大鼠的体增重(P0.01);低剂量组中肝糖原含量显著升高(P0.05),高剂量组肌糖原含量显著升高(P0.05),但对血糖浓度无显著性影响(P0.05);血清中T3和T4含量在高剂量处理组均显著升高(P0.05),血清瘦素含量在低剂量组显著升高(P0.05),而血清中胰岛素的含量则无显著变化(P0.05)。氨基酸组成分析结果表明:在血清中,藤黄果提取物处可以显著升高血清中部分生糖氨基酸的含量,支链氨基酸中异亮氨酸(Ile)及芳香族氨基酸色氨酸(Trp)的含量(P0.05);在肝脏中,藤黄果提取物可以显著降低肝脏组织中大部分生糖氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸的含量(P0.05),而对肝脏中支链氨基酸的影响不显著(P0.05);在腿肌中,(-)-HCA处理可显著降低生糖氨基酸的含量(P0.05),可以极显著降低支链氨基酸的含量(P0.01),同时(-)-HCA可以极显著降低芳香族氨基酸的含量(P0.01)。以上结果表明,藤黄果提取物通过改变大鼠血清中激素的含量、降低肝脏和肌肉中生糖氨基酸的含量,提高机体糖代谢的水平,达到抑制大鼠体重增加的效果。     

氯胺酮对鼠大脑皮层离体神经元氨基酸类神经递质分泌的影响

为研究氯胺酮对氨基酸类神经递质的影响,明确其中枢作用机制,为今后科学合理用药提供依据,试验将Wistar大鼠大脑皮层神经元进行离体培养,在培养第7天加入1μg/m L、3μg/m L、5μg/m L氯胺酮,分别在加药后0、5、10、15、20、25、30、45、60、90、120 min取上清液40μL检测Glu、Asp、Gly和GABA的含量。不同剂量氯胺酮作用于神经细元后Asp都显著升高,Gly和GABA都显著降低,且3μg/m L和5μg/m L氯胺酮作用效果明显,而1μg/m L作用后Glu的含量升高,3μg/m L、5μg/m L却降低。结果表明氯胺酮直接作用于神经元后,通过抑制兴奋性氨基酸神经递质Glu和Asp的合成和分泌及增强抑制性神经递质Gly和GABA的释放来达到麻醉作用。且氯胺酮的麻醉作用强弱与剂量大小有一定的相关性。     

Effects of Estradioi and Progesterone on the Numbers and Distribution of Mastocytes in the Uterus of Ovariectomized Rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol （E） and progesterone （P） on mastocyte distribution in the uterus of ovari- ectomized rats. Thirty-five adult female rats were divided randomly into seven groups：one sham operated control group （ SHAM ） ; one ovariectomized group （OVX） ;three ovariectomized plus E treatment grouPs （OVX ＋E 20,100,or 500 μg/kg body weight · d） ; and two ovariectomized plus P groups （ OVX ＋ P 2 or 10 mg/kg body weight · d）. Seven days after treatment, the contents of estradiol and progesterone in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay, and mastocytes in the uterus were stained by toluidine blue staining. Results were as following： （1） Compared to ovariectomized rat, the concent ration of estradiol in serum increased by 97. 13 % in OVX ＋ E 20 （P 〈 0.05）,204. 84 % in OVX＋E 100 （P〈0.05）,and 936.45 % in OVX ＋ E500 group （P〈0.05）;the progesterone concent ration increased by 77.25 % in OVX ＋P 2 （P 〈0.05） and 235.25 %in OVX ＋P 10 group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2） Compared to ovariectomized rat, the number of mast cells in uteri decreased by 32.65% in OVX ＋E 20,64.50 % in OVX ＋E 100 （P〈0.05）,74.49 % in OVX＋E500 （P〈0.05） and 70.67 % in OVX ＋P 10 groups （P〈0.05）. However, the number of mast cells increased by 66.73% in OVX ＋ P 2 group （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared with OVX. The trend of mast cells number in the rat uterus was decreased gradually with the increase of estrogen or progesterone concent ration. The number of mast cells in ovariectomized rat uterus was affected by estrogen or progesterone. These results demonstrated that estrogen or progesterone directly affected the number of mast cells in the uterus of rat.