多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用研究进展简

多不饱和脂肪酸是一种具有特殊生物学功能的物质,在机体免疫调节、细胞增长、基因调控、脂质代谢及抗癌等方面都具有重要的作用,作者简述了多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用研究进展,包括对鸡生产性能、蛋肉品质和免疫机制等方面的调节作用。     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

日粮n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸作为一种重要的营养物质,能影响家畜繁殖性能。本文主要从n-3多不饱和脂肪酸作用机理、使用效果等方面阐述n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响。     

n-6和n-3 PUFA对优质羊肉生产的影响

PUFA是polyunsaturated fatty acid(多不饱和脂肪酸)的简称,第1个双键出现在脂肪酸碳链甲基端第6个(或第3个)碳原子,称为n-6(或n-3)脂肪酸。降低山羊日粮中的n-6:n-3PUFA比率,可改变PPARα(过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体)基因表达、SCD(酰基-辅酶A去饱和酶)基因表达和脂肪生成基因的mRNA(信使核糖核酸)表达,增加羊肉中的亚麻酸和n-3亚油酸含量,从而生产出有利于人体健康的优质羊肉。     

共轭亚油酸对动物免疫机能的作用及其应用展望

共轭亚油酸(ConjugatedLinoleicAcid,CLA)属于多不饱和脂肪酸,是必需脂肪酸亚油酸的一组异构体。CLA具有抗肿瘤、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗糖尿病、减少脂肪沉积、增强免疫机能和促生长等广泛的生物学作用。文章综述了共轭亚油酸对动物免疫机能的作用,为进一步开发和利用共轭亚油酸提供依据。     

ω-３多不饱和脂肪酸对公猪精液质量的影响及其机制

在规模化养猪生产中,公猪的精液品质直接影响母猪的繁殖性能,这对猪场的生产成绩非常重要。多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）对精子质膜的流动性和脂质过氧化反应的敏感性有重要作用,同时也影响精子的授精能力。研究表明,在公猪饲粮中添加 ω-３ＰＵＦＡ能提高公猪精液品质,但效果重复性还不稳定;公猪饲粮中添加 ω-３ＰＵＦＡ能增加猪精子中 ω-３ＰＵＦＡ的含量和延长精液的保存时间。本文主要综述公猪饲粮中添加 ω-３ＰＵＦＡ对公猪精液品质的影响及其主要的作用机制,为其在现代规模化养猪生产中有效提高精液品质、猪场生产成绩和经济效益提供参考。     

首例“深海鱼油”转基因奶牛产生

今后,人们或许通过喝牛奶就能摄取到深海鱼油的有效成分。中国科学家近日透露,中美专家合作克隆的世界首例能自身产生Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的转基因奶牛正在健康成长,其产出含有“深海鱼油”有效成分的牛奶“希望很大”。     

预防疫病暴发、保证养殖效益的新思考

强化防病机制随时消灭病原体1.动物靠什么保卫自身安全自然界中能致病的细菌、病毒等微生物无处不在,人和动物每时每刻都被病原微生物包围着,仅在一只鸡身上就有数十亿个病菌,一个人的手上也可能携带两亿病菌。而在大多时候,人类和     

日粮中添加牛至油对肉鸡铁诱导脂质氧化的影响

本文研究了日粮中添加牛至油对鸡肉铁诱导脂质氧化稳定性的影响,并与日粮中添加a一生育酚的抗氧化作用进行了比较。实验证明：随着日粮中牛至油含量增加,组织样品中的丙二醛含量降低．表明牛至油在组织中具有抗氧化作用。当日粮中牛至油含量为100mg／kg饲料时,抗氧化作用显著。     

富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸克隆猪制备的关键技术研究

作者综述了制备富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸克隆猪的研究意义和国内外的研究现状，并介绍了自己的研究进展。用化学合成的方法获得了C briggsae的ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因sFat-1，并构建了哺乳动物细胞表达载体。通过显微注射的方法制备了转基因小鼠，sFat-1基因能够在转基因小鼠中产生更多更长链的而且更有价值的DHA以及DPA。在确认sFat-1基因功能的基础上，将载体转染到猪胎儿成纤维细胞，利用阳性的细胞克隆通过核移植方式制备富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸克隆猪。