Expression of the Truncated vip3A Gene at the 3'-terminus from Bacillus thuringiensis in Escherichia coli

将苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)缺失C端154个氨基酸编码区的vip3A基因(vip3T)插入原核表达载体pQE30，构建了重组表达载体pQEvip3T，并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli ) M15进行IPTG诱导表达，比较了完整的Vip3A蛋白和C端缺失的蛋白Vip3T的可溶性和杀虫活性。与Vip3A不同，融合蛋白Vip3T以不可溶的包含体形式存在，诱导表达的菌液中没有检测到可溶性Vip3T蛋白。生物测定结果表明，M15(pOTP)诱导表达的Vip3A蛋白对初孵斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litua)和甜菜夜蛾(S. exigua)幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性，其提纯的包含体无毒，但包含体的碱性裂解液却又恢复了对夜蛾科害虫的活性；M15(pQEvip3T)菌液、包含体及其碱性裂解液对这两种昆虫幼虫则完全无毒，说明在大肠杆菌中，Vip3A蛋白C端氨基酸可能对Vip3A蛋白的可溶性和杀虫活性具有重要的影响。     

Prd29A启动子在小麦中的诱导表达活性及大肠杆菌海藻糖合成酶基因的转化

以gus基因为报告基因，通过瞬时表达测定了Prd29A诱导型启动子在小麦愈伤组织中的诱导表达活性。结果表明，Prd29A-gus基因的表达水平可在不同浓度NaCl盐的胁迫条件下得到显著提高。由此证实，Prd29A启动子在小麦中具有较强的诱导表达活性。在此基础上，将Prd29A诱导型启动子驱动下的大肠杆菌海藻糖合成酶基因（otsA）采用花粉管途径导入目的小麦品系，经PCR筛选、Southern鉴定及转化后代海藻糖含量的测定，获得了一批otsA转基因植株及株系，为进一步选育耐盐抗旱的转基因小麦新品系奠定了基础．     

恒pH自动滴定系统及其在土壤表面化学研究中的应用

利用MIA 3型自动分析系统的硬件 ,根据研究的需要开发了一个专用软件 ,建成适用于恒pH自动滴定系统。并对一个含氧化铁很高的砖红壤的表面羟基的释放过程进行了测试应用。结果显示 ,在Na2 SO4 溶液中 ,羟基释放量明显受pH和SO2 - 4加入量的影响 ,羟基释放量的动态变化很好地符合Elovich方程。     

小麦根系物质流示踪研究

在小麦生育进程各主要叶龄期分别用~(32)P和~(14)C标记各根层和叶层,研究根系营养物质流与地上部光合同化物质流的动态变化及兵在产量形成上的相互关联作用。研究表明,小麦各层次生根的最大功能同主茎叶龄进程基本上保持同步关系,即n/0叶龄发生的根至n+3/0叶龄发挥显著吸收功能。小麦某一叶龄期的功能叶和功能根在同化物质和营养物质输配上表现出互相依赖、相互促进的关系。     

Minirhizotron quantification of soybean root growth as affected by reduced A horizon in soil

Shallow soil A horizon (topsoil) caused by soil erosion and soil movement from cultivation is known to reduce soil and crop productivity. The reduction may be related to limitation of root growth. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of topsoil thickness on distributions of root density and growth. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown on plots of Mexico silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs) with topsoil thicknesses of 0, 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5 cm above the Bt horizons. Root density was measured 60 and 90 days after planting using a minirhizotron video‐camera system. Root density was significantly reduced as topsoil thickness decreased from 37.5 to 0 cm. Mean density and net change of the density across profile between 30 and 60 days of growth had a linear function of topsoil thickness. The reduction and lower activity induced by shallow topsoil were attributed to detrimental properties in the Bt horizons. Root distribution pattern and rooting depth were not significantly affected by topsoil thickness. The roots appeared to be accumulated on the upper layers of the Bt horizons. Roots growing in thicker topsoil were more active than roots growing without topsoil. High soil moisture content during the growing season may mitigate the detrimental effects of shallow topsoil, inhibit root penetration, and enhance root activity.     

Effects of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)phosphorothioic triamide in low concentrations on ammonia volatilization and evolution of mineral nitrogen

Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to study the influence of increasing concentrations of N-(n-butyl)phosphorothioic triamide (NBPT) on NH₃ volatilization and rate of urea hydrolysis and evolution of mineral N in Ozzano, Rimini and Carpi soils with different physicochemical characteristics. Low concentrations of NBPT reduced NH₃ losses due to volatilization after urea fertilization and the effectiveness of the inhibitor was related to the soil characteristics (e.g. high concentrations of organic C and sand). After 15 days of incubation, no significant reductions of losses were found for any of the NBPT concentrations employed in Rimini soil. The application of NBPT led to a considerable reduction of the formation of nitrite. This process was completely annulled with the highest dose of NBPT (0.5% w/w_urea) in the Carpi soil after 15 days. In Rimini soil, however, the use of NBPT was less effective in influencing nitrite formation. The use of NBPT favoured accumulation of nitrate proportional to the NBPT concentration employed while it had no influence on the NH _inf4 ^sup+ fixation by 2:1 layer silicates. The data obtained support previous evidence that NBPT is effective in reducing the problems encountered in using urea as fertilizer. However, environmental conditions and soil physicochemical characteristics may have an important influence on the effectiveness of NBPT.     

The agronomic benefit of phosphate rock application with elemental sulfur depends on the reactivity and fertilizer placement

Abstract

A possible way to improve phosphate rock (PR) agronomic performance is through the addition of elemental sulfur (S⁰). We used ³²P isotope dilution method to assess the P taken up by crops treated with PR. Two experiments, one with common bean and other with upland rice, were carried out, to evaluate the effect of S⁰ on the agronomic performance of two contrasting PR, applied in different methods. Gafsa (GPR) and Patos de Minas (PPR) were used as the high and low reactivity PR, respectively. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized design on factorial structure 2?×?2 × 2?+?2; which means 2 PR (GPR and PPR) versus 2?S⁰ condition (with or without-S⁰) versus 2 application methods (band and broadcast) plus 2 additional treatments (control and triple superphosphate). In band application the S⁰ increased the amount of P uptake by plants from fertilizer of GPR from 2.57 to 9.86?mg pot^?1 for common bean and of 2.26 to 7.05?mg pot^?1 to rice. Regardless the management adopted, less than 2% of P applied as PPR has been taken up by crops. The addition of S⁰ as a strategy to increase the agronomic performance of PR is PR characteristics dependent and fertilizers placement.     

玉米自交系C8605-2在种质改良中的应用

C8605-2是国内表现优秀骨干自交系之一,在新品种选育和种质改良中都得到了广泛应用。它的研究和利用对丰富和发展我国种质资源将起到极大促进作用。     

速溶乌龙茶工艺研究

速溶茶具有重量轻、体积小、速溶的特点。本实验采用最廉价的茶叶,通过温度、时间、茶水比对浸提的影响,得到最佳浸提条件;添加β-环状糊精,可以更好的保留茶的香味以及提高茶叶有效成分的提取率。     

高效快生型大豆根瘤菌的筛选及分子标记

采用黑龙江省不同土壤类型对20株不同地区来源的根瘤菌和5个大豆品种(品系)进行接种效果的研究,旨在使筛选结果尽量接近实际生产环境,筛选出符合实际效果的高效共生快生型菌株.结果表明,大豆与根瘤菌之间表现出共生效果的多样性.针对不同土壤相应的大豆品种有其高效匹配的快生根瘤菌.初步确定了以AFLP技术作为高效菌株的分子标记,为进一步研究高效菌株在土壤中定植以及与土壤微生物、植物之间的生态学研究提供依据.