醛—铝结合法加工鞣制鹅绒裘皮工艺

应用硫酸钾铝与戊二醛结合鞣法 ,对鹅绒裘皮鞣制加工的关键工艺环节进行了探索与研究 ,结果表明 ,此法获得的成品皮绒毛丰厚洁白 ,着生牢固 ,皮板柔软抗张度高 ,出材率高且工艺程序简单     

强健性蚕品种海的育成及云·山×东·海的选配

采用杂交、定向培育、系统选择的方法 ,育成强健性多丝量品种海 ,并引进苏花、871组配成云·山×东·海的四元杂交组合。经 5个攻关点联合鉴定表明 ,万蚕收茧量 17 5 3kg、万蚕茧层量 4 179kg、茧丝长 1184m、解舒丝长 90 7m、鲜毛茧出丝率 18 5 %、洁净 94 98分 ,主要经济指标全面超过对照种。已通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定 ,并在生产上试繁推广     

蔟中环境与生丝洁净关系的研究

通过对春用蚕品种春·蕾×镇·珠生丝洁净成绩与蔟中环境关系的研究认为 :中等偏低温度 (2 2～ 2 3℃ )配以中等偏高相对湿度 (80 %)的蔟中环境 ,能提高生丝洁净 ;生丝洁净随温度升高而降低 ,随湿度增加而提高 ;相对恒定的温湿度条件优于纯自然的变化环境 ;蔟中湿度增加 ,有影响解舒的倾向 ;中、高温下的干燥环境也是节多发的重要原因。     

春秋兼用耐氟蚕品种华峰_(GW)×雪·A的选配

采用系统分离法建立了华峰灰、白蛾系 ;以华峰、雪松为基础 ,选择耐氟性强、茧丝质优良的现行品种组配若干多元杂交组合 ,通过实验室常规鉴定和耐氟性能测试 ,筛选出耐氟性能好、茧丝质优的家蚕三元杂交组合华峰GW×雪·A。 4省区联合鉴定和种场试繁表明 ,该组合各项经济性状都达到了菁松×皓月的水平 ,繁育性能比华峰×雪松有较大的改善 ,在氟化物污染较严重的蚕区饲养能正常生长发育 ,获得高产     

黑麦染色体1R和5R单体附加诱导的小麦和黑麦染色体的变异和易位

利用普通小麦品种绵阳11作母本,抗病的威宁黑麦(Sceale cereale L.)作父本,在其杂交和回交后代中分别鉴定出一个1R和5R单体附加系。为获得新的1BL·1RS初级易位系以及小麦-黑麦5R染色体易位,采用基因组原位杂交和荧光原位杂交相结合的方法,对1R和5R单体附加系的自交后代进行了鉴定。在1R单体附加系的后代中,筛选到一个纯合1R(1B)染色体代换系和一个新的纯合1BL·1RS初级易位系。该1R(1B)代换系表现出比小麦亲本较差的农艺性状;新1BL·1RS初级易位系表现出比其小麦亲本更好的农艺性状以及条锈病和白粉病抗性,而且穗粒数显著增加,是高产抗病小麦育种的新资源。在5R单体附加系的后代中,筛选出一个涉及3BS染色体片段与5RL的易位,发生易位的植株占分析植株总数的1.89%。5R染色体单体附加极其不稳定,在一个世代交替中完整的5R染色体传递率仅有28.3%。除自身的不稳定外,5R染色体单体附加同时导致小麦染色体7B、3B和4D的断裂和丢失,总变异频率达到15.09%;尤其对7B染色体影响较大,含7B染色体变异的植株占分析植株总数的11.32%。5R染色体单体附加诱导的小麦和黑麦染色体的高度不稳定现象值得进一步研究。     

Diurnal variations in uptake,transport and assimilation of NO3 ‐and efflux of OH‐ in maize plants

Maize plants, grown for 7 and 21 days on a nutrient solution with NO₃ ^‐ as the sole nitrogen source showed a clear diurnal pattern with respect to the in vivo NRA. Especially in roots dark/light fluctuations of the enzyme activity were high. Also in NO₃ ^‐ uptake, OH^‐ efflux and endogenous content of water soluble carbohydrates a diurnal variation was found. The plant age did not significantly affect the daily rhythm.

Because day/night changes of the in vivo root NRA and nitrate uptake were proportional, the relative content of reduced N in the xylem sap of the plants was constant during a day/night interval. At both day 7 and day 21 about 40–50% of the N was transported via the xylem as amino N. As a result of non‐synchronous variation of the specific root and shoot NRA, root reduction capacity showed a great within‐day variation. It varied between 20 and 40% of the whole plant reduction capacity. Since the ratio N‐organic to N‐total in the xylem sap was about 0.5, cycling of organic nitrogen was very likely in these maize plants.     

铁铝氢氧化物对两种土壤和高岭石表面K+和NH4+解吸的影响

Potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients for plants. Adsorption and desorption in soils affect K+ and NH + 4 availabilities to plants and can be affected by the interaction between the electrical double layers on oppositely charged particles because the interaction can decrease the surface charge density of the particles by neutralization of positive and negative charges. We studied the effect of iron (Fe)/aluminum (Al) hydroxides on desorption of K+ and NH + 4 from soils and kaolinite and proposed desorption mechanisms based on the overlapping of diffuse layers between negatively charged soils and mineral particles and the positively charged Fe/Al hydroxide particles. Our results indicated that the overlapping of diffuse layers of electrical double layers between positively charged Fe/Al hydroxides, as amorphous Al(OH) 3 or Fe(OH) 3 , and negatively charged surfaces from an Ultisol, an Alfisol, and a kaolinite standard caused the effective negative surface charge density on the soils and kaolinite to become less negative. Thus the adsorption affinity of these negatively charged surfaces for K+ and NH + 4 declined as a result of the incorporation of the Fe/Al hydroxides. Consequently, the release of exchangeable K+ and NH +4 from the surfaces of the soils and kaolinite increased with the amount of the Fe/Al hydroxides added. The greater the positive charge on the surfaces of Fe/Al hydroxides, the stronger was the interactive effect between the hydroxides and soils or kaolinite, and thus the more release of K+ and NH + 4 . A decrease in pH led to increased positive surface charge on the Fe/Al hydroxides and enhanced interactive effects between the hydroxides and soils/kaolinite. As a result, more K+ and NH + 4 were desorbed from the soils and kaolinite. This study suggests that the interaction between oppositely charged particles of variable charge soils can enhance the mobility of K+ and NH + 4 in the soils and thus increase their leaching loss.     

烯肟菌胺与苯醚甲环唑对西瓜蔓枯病菌的联合毒力及防效

为明确烯肟菌胺与苯醚甲环唑不同比例混配对西瓜蔓枯病菌联合作用类型,采用含毒介质法测定了烯肟菌胺与苯醚甲环唑及其5 种配比对西瓜蔓枯病菌的毒力;并在田间测定了24%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对西瓜蔓枯病防效。结果表明：烯肟菌胺与苯醚甲环唑及5:1、3:1、1:1、1:3 及1:5 混配对西瓜蔓枯病菌的EC50值分别是17.6、0.22、0.68、0.63、0.35、0.28、0.26 mg/L;共毒系数分别是182.70、134.63、124.16、104.33 和101.29。在西瓜蔓枯病发病初期连续喷施24%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂有较好防效,推荐剂量为200~400 mg/L。烯肟菌胺与苯醚甲环唑5:1、3:1 及1:1 配比对西瓜蔓枯病具有增效作用,1:3和1:5配比具有相加作用。24%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂可用于防治西瓜蔓枯病。     

干玉竹根与鲜玉竹根萃取组分清除DPPH·活性比较

采用DPPH·方法对干玉竹根及鲜玉竹根双液相萃取中水相的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇3个组分进行清除DPPH·活性研究。结果表明：干玉竹根与鲜玉竹根各萃取组分都具有一定的清除DPPH·活性。其中乙酸乙酯组分活性最强。当干物质质量浓度相同时,干玉竹根的乙酸乙酯组分清除DPPH·活性最强。     

苄嘧磺隆与苯噻酰草胺混剂对水稻田杂草的防除研究

水稻移栽田除草试验结果表明:在3种施用剂量中,以施用苄.苯噻酰WP 750 g/hm2对5种杂草的防除效果最好,药后14 d的防效达92.8%以上。施用苄.苯噻酰WP 750 g/hm2对稗草的防效与对照药剂苯噻酰草胺750 g/hm2的相当,对陌生菜、节节菜、牛毛毡等阔叶杂草的防效与对照药剂苄嘧磺隆225 g/hm2的接近,对异型莎草也有较高的防效,而且比对照增产稻谷11.1%。