2甲·草甘膦异丙胺盐防除稻田埂埝杂草的效果

[目的]明确2甲·草甘膦异丙胺盐防治稻田埂埝杂草的效果、杀草谱及最佳用药量。[方法]以41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂和56%二甲四氯可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,通过田间药效试验研究了50%2甲·草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂不同剂量(1 242、1 656、2 070、3 312g/hm2)防除稻田埂埝杂草的效果。[结果]50%2甲·草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂不同用药量对稗草[Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.]、藜(Chenopodium album L.)、假稻(Leersia japonica Makino)等为代表的1年生和多年生恶性杂草的杀草效果有明显差异,1 656 g/hm2低剂量处理施药后35 d的综合除治效果为84.1%,而3 312 g/hm2高剂量处理的综合除治效果则达到98.5%,二者间差异显著。[结论]采用50%2甲·草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂进行稻田埂埝杂草防治,以稗草、藜等1年生单、双子叶杂草群落为主的埂埝杂草防治剂量采用1 656 g/hm2,以多年生恶性杂草——假稻为主的稻田杂草防治剂量则采用3 312 g/hm2。     

对合半群中元素的*·Moore-Penrose逆

本文给出了对合半群中元素的*·Moore-Penrose逆的十种刻划,证得了此广义逆的八个表达式,从而将〔2～5〕的相应结果推广到半群中。     

施用胂·锌·福美双对西洋参及其栽培土壤中砷残留量的影响

选择3年生西洋参进行田间试验,设计胂·锌·福美双两个施用量以400～600倍药液均匀喷施全株,处理2年后,测定田间土壤样品及西洋参根中砷含量.西洋参根中砷含量与胂·锌·福美双的使用量有显著相关关系,与对照相比,每年施用3～4次胂·锌·福美双,砷含量增加64.52％～101.68％,但低于目前中国药典的相关规定(2mg/kg).胂·锌·福美双的施用与土壤砷含量无显著相关关系(R2 =0.1890).在相同施用量情况下,随着有机质含量的增加土壤砷含量有所增加.含砷类农药的施用有可能增加西洋参中砷的残留,应尽量减少高含量重金属杀菌剂的应用并关注有关肥料的使用.     

茶多酚和茶多糖清除羟基自由基的效果

[目的]研究茶多酚、茶多糖对羟基自由基(.OH)的清除效果,为茶叶的药理作用提供理论依据。[方法]采用Fenton法产生.OH使溴甲酚紫褪色的反应,在反应中加入一定剂量的茶多酚和茶多糖,测定它们清除.OH的效果,并同硫脲的作用进行比较。[结果]1.0mg/ml茶多酚在剂量0.4 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到76.04%。1.0 mg/ml茶多糖在剂量0.5 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到80.97%。0.1～0.3 ml 1.0 mg/ml茶多糖对.OH的清除率显著高于同剂量和浓度下的茶多酚(P<0.05或0.01),但剂量达到0.4 ml后,两者的作用无显著差异(P>0.05)。0.1 mg/ml硫脲在剂量0.6 ml时对.OH清除率最大,达到64.28%。[结论]茶多酚、茶多糖在体外对.OH有显著的清除作用,且在一定剂量范围内清除率与剂量呈线性关系,但茶多酚和茶多糖对.OH的清除率不及硫脲。     

蒜渣碱提多糖体外抗氧化性的研究

研究蒜渣碱提多糖对DPPH·,羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除以及抑制猪油和芝麻油快速氧化的效果。当多糖与DPPH·质量比为1.6时,电子顺磁共振(ESR)测定5 min就检测不出DPPH·;当多糖质量浓度为0.16 mg/mL时,可以清除50%羟基自由基;当质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,可以清除50%的超氧自由基;多糖对猪油和芝麻油的氧化都有一定的抑制作用,当浓度增加时,抑制效果增强。     

Hypophagic and dipsogenic effect of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT in broiler chickens

The effects of the 5‐HT_1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT on food and water intake in male broiler chickens were investigated. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of 8‐OH‐DPAT 15 min before refeeding in fasted animals produced a decrease in food intake. No effect was observed in drinking. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of the 8‐OH‐DPAT 60 min after the start of refeeding did not produce any significant modification in food intake. No effect on drinking was recorded. The agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT injected 15 min before water presentation in water‐deprived chickens, produced an increased drinking 60 min after the presentation of water. No effect on food intake was observed. The results show that the effect on food intake of the agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT in fasted–refed broiler chickens was similar to those observed in mammals and layer‐strain chickens. However, the agonist did not alter significantly the food intake when the broilers were fed 60 min before the injection. These results are contrary to the observed effects in mammals and in layer‐strain chickens. Probably, the selection for rapid growth rate in broilers causes modifications in the feeding control pattern. The comparison between broilers and layers strain may be a useful tool to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in food and water intake regulation in chickens.     

Diet is a main source of vitamin D in Finnish pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

During the winter time in Finland, sunlight is inadequate for vitamin D synthesis. Many pet rabbits live as house rabbits with limited outdoor access even during summer and may therefore be dependent on dietary sources of vitamin D. The aims of this study were to report the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Finnish pet rabbits and to identify factors that influence vitamin D status. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 140 pet rabbits were determined using a vitamin D enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. Eleven rabbits were excluded from the statistical analysis because of unclear dietary data. The remaining 129 rabbits were divided into groups depending on outdoor access during summer (no access n = 26, periodic n = 57, regular n = 46) as well as daily diet: little or no hay and commercial rabbit food ≤1/2 dl (n = 12); a lot of hay and no commercial food daily (n = 23); a lot of hay and commercial food <1 dl (n = 59); a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (n = 35). The range of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was from 4.5 to 67.5 ng/ml with a mean of 26.1 ng/ml. Statistical general linear model adjusted for weight, age and season indicated that diet was associated with vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.001), but outdoor access during summer was not (p = 0.41). Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly higher in the rabbits receiving a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (33.9 ± 13.2 ng/ml) than in rabbits in other diet groups (24.0 ± 8.5 ng/ml, 21.7 ± 8.1 ng/ml, and 22.2 ± 18.0 ng/ml, respectively). This investigation showed wide variation in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among Finnish pet rabbits. Diet remains a main source since outdoor access seems to be too limited to provide adequate vitamin D synthesis for most of them, and the use of vitamin D supplements is rare.     

乳牛口服大量β-胡萝卜素对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

６头健康成年荷斯坦乳牛被随机均分为２组。试验组牛第１周每头口服β－胡萝卜素２３．０ｇ,以后每周每头口服１１．５ｇ,对照组不做任何处理。试验期共８周。结果表明,试验组乳牛血清钙及无机磷水平呈下降趋势;血清维生素Ｄ３活性代谢产物２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３和１,２５－（ＯＨ）２－Ｄ３均呈现明显下降;至第５周末,血液β－胡萝卜素水平最高,２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３水平下降非常明显。据此认为,乳牛对β－胡萝卜素的吸收存在一阈值,大剂量的β－胡萝卜素进入机体,可能直接干扰维生素Ｄ３的羟化,使其活性代谢产物呈下降趋势,但由于吸收阈值的存在,其对维生素Ｄ３和骨骼钙磷代谢的干扰作用可得到一定程度的减缓。     

不同形貌纳米氢氧化镁对芒果叶斑病原真菌的抑制作用

叶斑病是芒果重要的叶部病害,造成芒果产量和质量下降.纳米氢氧化镁制备简单,环境友好且抗菌谱广,被广泛地应用于抗菌领域.对芒果叶斑病病原真菌进行分离纯化,通过形态学观测和ITS-rDNA序列分析,确定分离的菌株为芒果拟茎点霉叶斑病病原菌,属于间作壳属(Diaporthe musigena).合成制备了3种不同形貌的纳米氢...     

47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对水稻机插秧田杂草防效及安全性

通过大田示范验证47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂在机插秧田水稻移栽前与移栽后2次土壤封闭处理对杂草的防除效果及水稻的安全性。结果表明:47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 050 g/hm~2在机插秧水稻移栽前1 d毒肥处理结合水稻移栽后10 d 47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1 050 g/hm~2毒肥处理对水稻机插秧田稗草、丁香蓼、异型莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效平均高于90%,且对水稻安全。