辣椒夏季品比试验报告

为了考察我公司新推广品种及新配组合在高温伏旱状况下的适应性，我们于2003年5月7日在公司试验基地进行了品种对比试验。结果表明新推广品种中有九个品种或组合为极耐热或耐热，一个品种耐热性稍差。新配组合中部分表现优良，有推广前景。     

河南省樱桃谷鸭乙型肝炎病毒全基因组克隆与序列分析

对河南省樱桃谷鸭主产区信阳、新郑、焦作三地628份樱桃谷鸭血清样本应用PCR技术进行鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）检测,并将三地DHBV阳性样本各挑选1份进行DHBV全基因的扩增、克隆、测序及序列分析。结果显示,信阳、新郑、焦作三地樱桃谷鸭DHBV自然携带率分别为10.5%、8.9%、17.6%;3株DHBV基因组全长分别为3 021、3 027、3 024bp,均含有编码P、S和C蛋白的3个开放阅读框,各开放阅读框氨基酸同源性比较显示差异显著的区域位于P蛋白。序列分析显示,3株DHBV河南株核苷酸同源性为89.8%~93.9%,与参考株为89.4%~99.5%。遗传进化分析及P蛋白关键位点分析结果表明,信阳分离株为西方基因型,其余2株为中国基因型。本试验掌握了河南省樱桃谷鸭主产区DHBV自然感染情况,并成功克隆了3株樱桃谷鸭DHBV全基因序列,为该病毒的进一步研究提供了有益信息。     

长期不同施肥处理对连作高粱生长规律及产量的影响研究

以甜高粱品种‘新高粱3号’为试验材料,采用长期定位施肥方式,研究CK、NK、NP、PK、NPK、M(有机肥)、NPKM、1.5NPKM 8个不同施肥处理对甜高粱生长规律、含糖锤度、叶绿素含量及产量的影响,筛选出适宜新疆干旱区连作甜高粱生长的最佳施肥方式。结果显示,不同施肥处理对连作甜高粱的生育期、农艺性状、叶绿素含量、秸秆含糖锤度及产量均有影响。在不同施肥处理下甜高粱的株高、茎粗、叶片数、秸秆含糖锤度和叶绿素含量在整个生育阶段的变化趋势基本一致,但不同施肥处理之间有差异。成熟期不同施肥处理之间的株高、茎粗和茎秆含糖锤度差异较大、叶片数差异不大,其中NPKM施肥处理的株高、茎粗和含糖锤度分别为224.33 cm、21.47 mm、18.41%,均高于其他施肥处理,并比CK极显著增高了13.86%、39.60%、23.47%。施肥有利于秸秆含糖锤度的积累,在抽穗后第28天时达到最高值,此时,NPKM处理达到18.57%,但抽穗期到成熟期不同茎节含糖锤度在不同施肥处理下的积累规律不一致。各处理的叶绿素含量在整个生育期的变化趋势基本一致,灌浆期时达到最大值,其中NPKM处理叶绿素达到44.62 SPAD。所有施肥处理的秸秆产量、籽粒产量和生物产量均比CK极显著地增加,其中NPKM处理秸秆产量、籽粒产量、生物产量分别达到90.80、4.01、94.81 t·hm^-2,均高于其他处理。施肥有利于增加甜高粱的产量、含糖锤度及经济效益,利用不同施肥方式来缓解高粱连作障碍的过程中应当注重采取不同的肥料配比。综合来看,有机肥、无机肥混合施用(NPKM)是促进干旱区连作高粱生长发育的最佳施肥模式。     

刈割次数对杂交甜高粱草产量及品质的影响

针对当前春夏青绿饲草短缺现状,试验以2001年引入的杂交甜高粱新品种--甜格雷兹Sorghum bicolour var.Sugargraze为试材,进行刈割次数研究。结果表明：随着刈割次数的增加,鲜草、干草和粗蛋白产量降低,单位品质含量增加。其中1次刈割产鲜草、干草和粗蛋白质量最高,分别为：110.78、29.75和1.25 t/hm2, 2次刈割次之,且糖锤度高,适口性好,利于饲喂;3次刈割则较低,不宜采用。     

龟裂碱土对不同基因型甜高粱幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为探明甜高粱幼苗对龟裂碱土胁迫的响应,通过盆栽试验,以5个不同基因型的甜高粱为材料,研究了龟裂碱土对甜高粱幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,龟裂碱土抑制了甜高粱幼苗的生长,显著降低了甜高粱幼苗株高、根长和植株干重。龟裂碱土胁迫条件下,不同基因型甜高粱叶绿素含量和光合速率均大幅度降低,而叶片质膜相对透性、MDA含量以及SOD、POD、CAT等保护性酶活性则显著升高。不同基因型甜高粱对龟裂碱土胁迫的耐受能力存在较大差异,品种ZNH05耐盐碱能力较差,ZNH07和ZNH18则表现出较强的耐盐碱性。     

红薯藤地面青贮技术研究

为了解决旱季青绿多汁饲料短缺和全年饲料供应不平衡问题,在昆明市东川荣森种猪场进行了鲜红薯藤地面青贮技术研究,以葡萄渣、麦麸及糠类作为吸附剂,以不同比例(10%∶90%、20%∶80%及30%∶70%)混合进行青贮,结果以20%吸附剂与80%鲜红薯藤混合进行地面青贮最好,制成率97.6%以上,青贮pH 3.8、颜色正常、酒香味很好,总体评价为上等青贮。     

Facilitation of an Exotic Grass Through Nitrogen Enrichment by an Exotic Legume

Invasive species control requires understanding the mechanisms behind their establishment and their interactions with other species. One potential ecosystem alteration influencing the establishment and spread of invasive species is anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment, from sources like introduced or invasive nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes, which can alter competition between native, non-native, and invasive plants. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and N-fixing yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) are exotic to the Great Plains and are currently invading and degrading native rangelands by altering ecosystem processes and displacing native plants. Therefore, we investigated how N enrichment from yellow sweet clover affects the aboveground biomass production of Kentucky bluegrass and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), a native cool-season grass, the ranges of which overlap in the northern Great Plains. In a controlled greenhouse environment, we conditioned experimental pots by growing yellow sweet clover and terminating each plant after 8 wk. Conditioned soils contained ≈ 340% more plant-available N than untreated soils 2 wk after yellow sweet clover death. We then grew Kentucky bluegrass and western wheatgrass transplant seedlings in interspecific and intraspecific pairs in pots conditioned either with or without yellow sweet clover for 12 wk. Aboveground biomass production of both Kentucky bluegrass and western wheatgrass grown in interspecific and intraspecific pairs increased in conditioned soils. However, when grown together in conditioned pots, the increase in Kentucky bluegrass biomass relative to untreated pots (520%) was double that of the increase in western wheatgrass biomass (260%). Our results reveal that Kentucky bluegrass can use increased soil N to produce proportionally more aboveground biomass than western wheatgrass, a native grass competitor. Thus, our results suggest yellow sweet clover and other sources of N enrichment may facilitate the invasion of Kentucky bluegrass.     

施氮水平对甜高粱硝酸盐含量和氮素利用特性的影响

试验采用完全随机区组设计,分别于2009和2010年在华东农区生态条件下进行田间试验,研究不同施氮水平(0,100,200,300,400,500kg N/hm2)对大力士甜高粱硝酸盐积累,粗蛋白含量和氮素利用特性的影响。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,植株地上部硝酸盐含量不断降低,相比于叶片,茎秆更有利于硝酸盐的积累。随着施氮水平的提高,粗蛋白生产效率(CPPE),氮素干物质生产效率(NDMPE),干物质生产效率(DMPE)和表观回收率(NARR)逐渐下降,说明施氮量越高,氮素利用越低,损失越大。粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和游离氨基酸(free amino acid,FAA)含量均随施氮量的增加而增加,但FAA的增幅低于CP,施氮量为500kg N/hm2时,CP的平均增幅为6.11%,FAA的平均增幅为2.99%,说明施氮虽然增加了植株CP含量,但优质蛋白质比例下降。施氮提高了甜高粱硝酸盐含量,施氮量大于400kg N/hm2时,甜高粱硝酸盐含量大于0.2%,青饲时易导致家畜硝酸盐中毒。综合考虑,大力士甜高粱在华东农区较为适宜的施氮量为200~300kg N/hm2,既可满足对甜高粱高产优质的需求,提高氮素的利用效率,又可减少氮素流失和对土壤及地下水的污染。     

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Sweet Potato Meal (Ipomoea batatas L.) Diets

Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers.     

盐胁迫下2种樱桃叶片解剖结构的变化

为了筛选耐盐樱桃砧木,用于天津市周边轻度盐碱地区栽培,本试验通过徒手切片的方法,研究了两种樱桃砧木在盐胁迫下的叶片解剖结构变化。结果表明：在盐胁迫下,四川樱桃的叶片增厚了3.99%,大青叶的减少了2.68%;大青叶的表皮层细胞增厚了23.6%,四川樱桃的减少了3.84%;大青叶的角质层增厚3.57%,四川樱桃的减少了18.31%;四川樱桃的栅栏组织层变化不大,大青叶的减少了16.42%;四川樱桃的海绵组织层增厚了31.96%,大青叶的增厚了21.27%;四川樱桃的栅栏组织和海绵组织层厚度的比值变小、减少了29.17%,大青叶的减少了20.80%。盐胁迫使大青叶叶片表皮细胞层变厚,角质层加厚,栅栏组织层变薄,海绵组织层加厚,整个叶片变薄。盐胁迫使四川樱桃表皮细胞层变薄,角质层变薄,海绵组织层加厚,整个叶片变厚。从盐胁迫下的2种樱桃叶片结构的变化综合分析认为大青叶的耐盐性明显高于四川樱桃。