磷指数模型在美国的应用和发展

磷是植物生长必需的营养元素之一,在农业生产中起着关键作用。然而,长期过量的磷肥投入导致土壤磷素水平增加,进而加大了土壤磷素流失风险,造成农业非点源磷污染,同时这也成为导致水体富营养化的主要因素之一。因此,识别和管理农业非点源磷的流失风险关键区,成为面源污染亟待解决的关键问题。磷指数模型起源于20世纪90年代,是评估农田磷流失潜力和指导磷管理决策的重要工具之一。根据研究区特点,美国众多学者在各州设立了不同的磷指数指标体系,优化了磷指数的组成因子、计算方法和分级标准。本文对美国各州磷指数模型评价体系进行了综述和评价,指出了磷指数模型的局限性,提出了改进方向,以期为我国磷素管理方法提供借鉴。     

不同硒源对大麦农艺性状的影响及富硒效应研究

为了探明不同硒源对大麦的效应,对六个大麦品种(系)分别施用三种硒源(富硒复混肥、硒矿粉、亚硒酸钠)后的农艺性状及籽粒含硒量进行了分析,结果表明:①不同硒源均能提高大麦籽粒的含硒量,其增加量为0.016～0.087 mg/kg,增幅为14.4%～78.0%,富硒复混肥的效果较优;②不同大麦品种(系)施硒的籽粒含硒量为0.133～0.187mg/kg,比对照提高10.36%～80.65%;③施硒对大麦生育期无明显影响,但株高和穗长有增加趋势,千粒重有降低趋势.     

重庆地区饮用水源地污染现状及防治对策

结合重庆市饮用水源地的水质现状,分析了水质污染的主要原因。为实现重庆市饮用水源地的可持续利用,结合重庆市的实际情况提出了相应的防治对策,为重庆市的环境保护工作提供参考。     

2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季水分来源同位素示踪研究

黄柳是我国内蒙古东部和辽宁西部沙丘上广泛分布的多年生灌木,是极佳的固沙树种.通过利用氢同位素示踪方法,测定了2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季茎干水与潜在水源(降水、土壤水、地下水)氢同位素比率δD值,并利用多源线性混合模型IsoSource,计算了黄柳对各潜在水源的利用比例.结果表明:在5月黄柳80％以上利用120 ～ 160 cm土壤水和地下水;6月主要吸收0～40 cm土壤水;7月主要吸收120～160 cm土壤水;8月以地下水为主要水源,利用率为82％.这表明生长在不同季节的黄柳对于各潜在水源的利用有特定的适应结果,同时也说明荒漠灌木可以通过自身的调节朝着最优的方向发展,实现最大限度的水分利用.     

基因芯片技术在钩端螺旋体病传染源监测中的应用

为了将合成的核酸探针点样到玻片 上制备成基因芯片,先用常规PCR扩增动物 组织中钩端螺旋体特异片段,再用Cy3标记 引物,通过不对称PCR获取荧光素标记的靶 序列,然后与制备的芯片杂交,扫描仪记录结 果。同时,以PCR技术为对照,进一步观察 基因芯片技术检测动物传染源中钩端螺旋体 的特异性、敏感性及可行性。常规PCR扩增 问号钩端螺旋体阳性标本,出现单一482bp 的扩增产物,而双曲钩端螺旋体及其他螺旋 体、病原、正常动物组织均无任何DNA扩增 条带,芯片杂交结果与常规PCR方法结果一 致。用芯片和PCR对动物组织中不同浓度 钩端螺旋体的检测,最低检测浓度分别为10 条和100条钩端螺旋体,芯片检测的敏感性 高于常规PCR法。用基因芯片与PCR分别 对标本进行检测,5只人工感染的豚鼠肾、 肝、心、血等组织的检测结果均为阳性;28份 疫区野鼠肾标本阳性结果分别为8份和4 份,10份可疑病猪肾标本阳性结果分别7份 和5份;5份非疫区野鼠肾、5份正常猪肾标 本以及其他微生物的检测结果均为阴性。结 果表明,基因芯片技术可快速、灵敏、特异地 检测动物传染源中问号钩端螺旋体。     

Data Collection Based on Web Services

To construct data warehouse with heterogeneous, self-governing and distributed database system is a challenge. Two problems have to be solved: one is how to collect data from heterogeneous data sources by an effective method, the other is how to clear up and change the format of the data collected from data sources. The opening and the interact-operation property of Web Services is Analyzed. A Data Collection System based on Web Services, which communicates with heterogeneous data sources with SOAP and HTTP, has been designed. A Data Collector is introduced to clear up and to transform data with composition technology. The pivotal XML technology of transforming and loading up the data are discussed.     

Research on a Novel Inverter of VSC

In order to improve waveform performance of light HVDC system, a lot of switches which operate in high frequency are used, which causes large switching losses and results high cost. A new Buck type voltage source converter(BVSC) is proposed. The new BVSC comprises a dual-buck converter and a three-phase inverter operating in grid frequency. Only two high frequency switches are used, which results good output waveform performance. In order to reduce the high frequency switching losses, a novel improved double-frequency Buck type voltage source converter(DBVSC) is also proposed. An additional dual-Buck converter is added to the BVSC, the added dual-Buck converter deals with the fundamental power that operates in low frequency, and BVSC only deals with harmonic power that operates in high frequency. The output waveform is enhanced and the switching losses are reduced in DBVSC, and the power rating is also increased. The DBVSC is very suitable for large power rating application. The one cycle control theory is adopted to control the proposed DBVSC with analog circuit, which is very simple. The proposed DBVSC and control method are verified by simulation.     

One-cycle Technique Based Adjustable Ac Source

By using one-cycle control theory, a novel voltage source inverter is proposed. The conventional one-cycle control technique needs that the integrator is reset instantaneously. But it is very difficult to realize with hardware due to the finite time constant of the reset circuitry. Therefore, based on the one-cycle technique, the paper gives a new control scheme to resolve the problem with dual switched integrator, and the performance of the integrators is close to ideal. The paper also uses the dc offset to implement the voltage measurement. Furthermore, the amplitude and frequency of the output voltage are effectively adjustable. The one-cycle control technique not only provides fast dynamic response, but also can admirably suppress the perturbation yielded by dc source and abate the undesired harmonic contents. Simulation studies were performed to prove the proposed scheme. The results show that the one-cycle control based voltage source inverter makes good use of dc source that is 92.8% and THD is only O. 255 9%.     

等离子体脉冲荷电喷雾装置

设计了一套用于荷电喷雾的高压脉冲电源和等离子发生环 ,详细介绍了脉冲电源电路、电极结构和脉冲荷电喷雾系统 ,分析了脉冲电源的荷电原理 ,检测了系统的荷质比。理论分析和试验结果表明 :在同样试验条件下 ,脉冲电源优于普通直流高压电源 ,具有起晕电压低、能耗省、工作平稳、结构紧凑等特点 ,可靠、经济、实用