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排序方式: 共有113条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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中国普通野生稻初级核心种质取样策略 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以国家品种资源库编目入库的中国普通野生稻种质5571份为材料、19个分类和形态性状的数据比较研究了中国普通野生稻的核心种质总体取样比例和取样策略,以获得最佳初级核心种质。设3个总体取样比例5%、15%和25%,取样方案分3个层次即分组原则、组内取样比例和组内取样方法。分组原则为省、纬度、生长习性和单一性状及不分组的大随机;组内取样比例为对数法、平方根法、遗传多样性指数和简单比例法;组内取样采用随机和聚类2种方法。结果表明,当总体取样比例从5%增加到15%时,所取得核心种质的表型保留比例有比较大的增幅,而比例由15%增加到25%时,表型保留比例变化不大,因此认为15%的取样比例较为合适;取样方案以采集省份分组,组内以对数比例法聚类取样效果最好。最终根据这一方案在计算机上编程取样860份,其多样性指数为1.1015、变异系数为16.87,表型方差为0.8546。3个检测参数值比原始种质库都有明显的提高。此外,根据国家种质资源库表型数据人工定向取样60份,建立了920份材料的中国普通野生稻初级核心种质。 相似文献
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Dayun Sun Wenxiang Wang Xiaoyun Xin Liming Cao Xuejun Sun Zejun Hu Ling Jiang Shiqing Dong Yahui Liu Jinshui Yang Xiaojin Luo 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):163-173
Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F2 populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice. 相似文献
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综述和讨论了稻的起源、分化和传播等的考古与现代生物学研究的一些成果。笔者根据这些研究成果描绘了稻的起源和传播路线,即稻起源于我国长江中下游地区或华南地区,分化成籼粳稻后一路向北传播至我国的北方,最后到达日本和朝鲜等国家(以粳稻为主);另一路向南和西南方向传播至我国西南地区和福建等地,再经我国西南地区传至缅甸、越南、印度等东南亚、南亚国家(以籼稻为主),最后经印度传至欧洲美洲,从福建经台湾和琉球群岛传至日本。稻的分化亦有多种研究成果和推论,但从籼粳重要的栽培特征和农艺性状基因看,一次起源的可能性更高。文中还穿插介绍了稻的起源和传播中的一些人文传说和神话故事。 相似文献
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调查表明,东乡野生稻原产保护地蜘蛛群落优势科为狼蛛科、跳蛛科、管巢蛛科、球蛛科、肖蛸科,相对丰度分别为0.5010、0.1529、0.0785、0.0657、0.0559、0.0399、0.0392,其丰盛度总和达0.8540,构成了蜘蛛群落的主要成分;巨蟹蛛科为稀有科。优势种为拟水狼蛛、沟渠豹蛛、中华狼蛛、横窝希蛛、黄斑纯蛛、白纹舞蛛、微菱头蛛、柔弱锯螯蛛,其相对丰盛度分别为0.1802、0.1209、0.0833、0.0589、0.0484、0.0445、0.0417、0.0413,丰盛度总和达0.6192,埃比熊蛛等为稀有种。调查还表明,不同时期的物种丰富度变化不明显,但在6~7月间,群落中物种丰富度相对较高,各物种种群发生数量大,分布相对均匀,优势种不突出,群落结构较合理,均匀度和多样性指数较高。 相似文献
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Anther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross of Oryza sativa× O. rufipogon was attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F2 plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F2 segregation. (3) It was possible to recover indica type recombinants among the anther-derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O. rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated rice. 相似文献
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三种原产中国的野生稻和栽培稻外稃表面乳突结构的比较观察研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
用扫描电镜对原产中国的瘤粒野生稻(Oryza meyeriana Baill. subsp. tuberculata Wu),药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt.),普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff. )的外稃表面的显微结构与栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)进行了比较研究。观察到栽培稻与瘤粒野生稻在一系列性状上差异最大,其次是药用野生稻,而最相似的是普通野生稻。应用性状数码的方法对种间的相似性作了比较。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):539-545
AbstractWe found that several BC2F4 lines had high leaf photosynthetic rates under light-saturated and ambient CO2 conditions. These lines are progenies of BC2F1 plants with high photosynthetic capacities which were generated by backcrossing between Oryza rufipogon (W630) and O. sativa cv. Nipponbare, as a recurrent parent. Some photosynthetic characteristics of the BC2F4 lines were investigated to identify the factors increasing photosynthetic rates. Photosynthetic rates of these lines under light-saturated conditions at 50 to 700 ppm CO2 concentrations were higher than those in Nipponbare. The estimated-maximum photosynthetic rates under light-saturated and CO2-saturated conditions in BC2F4 lines were also higher than that in Nipponbare. The photosynthetic rate under light-saturated and ambient CO2 conditions was positively correlated with the carboxylation efficiency as an indicator of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity in vivo rather than stomatal conductance. Initial and total Rubisco activities in vitro tended to be higher in the BC2F4 lines than in Nipponbare. The content of active Rubisco calculated from the activation state of Rubisco was also higher in the BC2F4 lines than in Nipponbare. These results suggest that high photosynthetic capacities of BC2F1 plants can be maintained high in their progenies and high photosynthetic rates under light-saturated and ambient CO2 conditions in the BC2F4 lines are achieved mainly by the high activity of Rubisco due to the high active Rubisco content. 相似文献