李ISSR反应体系的优化

以李品种杏梅(hybrid)和斯顿莱(Prunus domestica)为试材，研究了PCR反应体系的主要成分及退火温度对李ISSR扩增结果的影响。结果表明：在20μl的反应体系中，模板DNA含量对扩增结果影响不大，在10—80ng均能得到较好的扩增；椰用量对扩增无明显影响；而Primer、Mg^2 的最适浓度分别为0．25μmol／L、0.25mmol/L；Taq酶在0．5～1．0U均能得到好的扩增条带；退火温度在50-52．1℃范围内均能得到清晰的条带。     

Statistical Methods for Evaluating Results from Soil Micronutrient Analyses in Interlaboratory Programs

Interlaboratory comparison programs have been found to be useful to investigate potential error sources and therefore to remove or minimize their effects. A proficiency test was performed for five soil micronutrients [boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] by forty-nine independent Brazilian laboratories on four duplicated soil samples. Extraction of B was performed by hot water, whereas Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were extracted by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The objectives were to compare the performance of different statistical methods for assessing between-laboratory variability (reproducibility) and to quantify the variability within single laboratories (repeatability). The statistical methods employed to compare interlaboratory analytical results were (1) Agronomic Institute method (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation), (2) Z₁ score (mean and standard deviation, including outliers), (3) Z₂ score (mean and standard deviation, excluding outliers), (4) robust Z score (median and standardized interquartile amplitude) denoted as Z₃, (5) Cochran test, and (6) Cochran + Grubbs tests. In addition, the robust Z-score method, denoted as Z₄, was used to assess intralaboratory variability. The performance of any laboratory for the analysis of soil micronutrients varied depending on the statistical method applied. The percentage of laboratories providing satisfactory results was 79 percent (Agronomic Institute), 95 percent (Z₁), 92 percent (Z₂), 89 percent (robust Z₃ score), 97 percent (Cochran), and 95 percent (Cochran + Grubbs). The Z-score tests become stronger and more rigorous when outliers were excluded (Z₂) or when the standardized interquartile amplitude was used (Z₃). Cochran and Grubbs tests, which are based on the removal of extreme values, were weaker than the other tests evaluated. In conclusion, the method employed by the proficiency test of the Agronomic Institute for removing outliers has been found to be the strongest and strictest one, yielding a reliable comparison of the results from soil micronutrient analyses.     

中华草蛉与异色瓢虫竞争干扰研究

对中华草蛉与异色瓢虫的幼虫和成虫种间以及各虫态天敌昆虫共存情况下的竞争干扰进行研究.试验结果表明,中华草蛉幼虫与异色瓢虫幼虫竞争干扰明显,在共同捕食时中华草蛉幼虫占优势,成虫间竞争干扰以异色瓢虫捕食蚜虫优势明显大于中华草蛉.2种天敌昆虫各虫态共同捕食蚜虫时高龄幼虫及成虫捕杀低龄幼虫竞争优势明显.     

库区生态公益林改造对林地水土流失的影响研究倡

以福建永安安砂库区生态公益林为研究对象,通过设置径流小区,分别在坡度25°和32°的林地中,设计4种不同间伐强度处理(不间伐、20%、40%、60%间伐强度),研究不同间伐强度及间伐后补植枫香两种改造措施对库区生态公益林林地水土流失的影响.结果表明:40%及60%间伐强度林地的水土流失量大于不间伐处理,中高强度间伐后套种枫香的改造措施同样加大了库区生态公益林地的水土流失,但小于间伐措施的流失量,且水土流失量随着坡度的增加而加大.而在适当的低强度间伐(20%间伐强度)条件下,实施两种改造措施之后的库区生态公益林的水土流失量与不间伐处理之间差异并不明显.因此,选择在低坡度(25°)进行适当的低强度(20%间伐强度)间伐并套种枫香等阔叶树种,可达到在兼顾生态效益的同时,科学合理地利用生态公益林的林木和景观资源的目的     

猪后海穴接种猪传性胃肠炎疫苗对母乳及仔猪血清中IL—2含量的影响

应用放射免疫分析方法，测定比较了猪后海穴穴位免疫与常规口服、肌肉途径免疫猪传染性胃肠炎疫苗后，母猪初乳、常乳免疫仔猪血清中IL-2的含量。结果表明，初服中IL-2的含量以穴位免疫最高；常乳中IL-2含量各种免疫途径基本一致，处于较低水平。仔猪免疫后3d，血清中IL-2含量，穴位免疫与口服免疫基本一致，但均高于肌肉免疫及对照；免疫后7d，血清中IL-2含量，穴位免疫高于口服、肌肉免疫。从免疫调节因子方面看出，后海穴对动物机体免疫功能具有正向促进作用。     

斑皮桉生长性状及木材材性遗传参数估算

分别以位于澳大利亚新南威尔士州北部沿海地区Urunga、Coffs Harbour、Grafton和Casino的4个斑皮桉无性系试验作为研究对象,测定其林木生长性状和木材材性并进行遗传参数估算。研究表明,林木生长性状和木材材性均受到较高的遗传控制,胸径和树高的广义遗传力（H2）在0.46~0.71之间,Pilodyn值的广义遗传力在0.52~0.77之间,FAKOPP值的广义遗传力在0.64~0.85之间;Pilodyn值与FAKOPP值呈显著的正相关关系,但二者与胸径均无显著相关性;环境因子对生长性状和木材材性的影响显著;遗传与环境交互作用对木材材性影响不显著,但对生长性状如胸径有一定影响。     

Classification of Erythrina provenances by rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen

Some species of the genus Erythrina have considerable potential as forage, but information on their nutritional value is scanty. The objective of the study was to define groups of Erythrina provenances based on rumen degradation parameters for dry matter and nitrogen which would be useful in the selection of provenances for detailed nutritional or tree improvement studies. Degradation parameters (i.e. soluble fraction (a), slowly degradable fraction (b), rate of degradation (c) and extent of degradation (a + b) were estimated for twenty Erythrina provenances belonging to seven species (E. abyssinica, E. bentipoeme, E. brucei, E. burana, E. melanacantha, E. poeppigiana and E. variegata)). The data were subjected to principal component and cluster analyses for grouping, and the 20 provenances were placed into four distinct cluster groups. Provenances of E. brucei and E. abyssinica belonged to three clusters, whereas provenances of E. burana and E. variegata were confined to one cluster. Using extent of dry matter and nitrogen degradation values of 71 and 86% respectively, as a forage quality index, members of clusters 1 and 2 (i.e. E. abyssinica, ILCA 10606; E. brucei, ILCA 10579, 10625, 10628, 10637, 10643; E. burana 10575, 10641, 12157; E. melanacantha ILCA 10574 and E. variegata ILCA 14991 and 14994), appeared to be superior in quality to their counterparts in clusters 3 and 4. The results suggested existence of intra and inter-species variation in rumen degradation characteristics for dry matter and nitrogen within the genus Erythrina.     

MAP及其在动物营养与健康中的应用进展

MAP(major acute phase protein)是一种肝脏合成的急性期反应蛋白,分子量约为120 kDa,属于ITI(inter-α-trypsin inhibitor)家族.MAP与动物的营养和健康状态密切相关,研究表明机体MAP水平可反映动物的疾病状态及其严重程度,还可作为肉质与常规管理中动物福利的有效监测指标.文章综述了MAP的种类与结构特征及其合成过程,并进一步介绍了其在动物的营养与健康中的应用,就MAP在动物生产领域中的应用和研究重点及发展方向作了展望.     

山杨材性群体变异趋势及个体遗传差异的研究*

在山杨主要分布区随机抽取６个天然群体，每群体随机抽样１５株采集木芯，分析结果表明：群体间及个体间的木材密度和纤维长度差异都极显著。群体平均密度０．４３２ｌｇ／ｃｍ３，极差０．０６６２ｇ／ｃｍ３；平均纤维长度１．０７７５ｍｍ，极差０．２６５０ｍｍ。东北、华北群体的密度呈梯度变异，纤维长度的梯度变异不明显。木材密度群体重复率０．５４１，个体重复率０．４７１；纤维长度重复率分别是０．４７１与０．４１２。不同群体、不同年轮组的密度与纤维长度的个体重复率有所不同。密度、纤维长度等与生长性状呈微弱遗传相关，可以进行材性与生长的同步遗传改良。     

论可持续发展的合理内涵

可持续发展思想的提出是缘于环境污染和生态危机，从可持续发展思想的最初形成切人，论述了其合理内涵为：人与自然和谐相处是它的前提，代内公正是它的基本要求，代际公正是它的核心，而人的发展又是可持续发展思想得以实现的重要保证。这也正是我党目前提出的以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观的基本要求。