北京郊区猪戊型肝炎流行初步调查

用间接ELISA试剂盒对北京市郊区所采集的174份猪血清样品进行了抗体检测,结果显示,其抗体总阳性率达62.1%。针对戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2/ORF3重叠区设计了简并引物,采用巢式RT-PCR对随即采取的少量猪粪便样品进行了抗原检测。结果表明,部分粪便样品中存在HEV。     

Protein extraction from defatted wheat germ by reverse micelles: Optimization of the forward extraction

In this work, the forward extraction of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) by reverse micelles was studied. The reverse micellar systems were formed by sulphosuccinic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt (AOT), isooctane and KCl solution. The effects of AOT concentration, pH, KCl concentration, extraction time, the amounts of defatted wheat germ flour (DWGF), W₀ (the molar ratio of water to surfactant, i.e. W₀ = [H₂O]/[AOT]) and temperature on the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP were tested. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the optimum extraction was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the highest forward extraction efficiency of DWGP was reached at the AOT concentration 0.06 g/mL, pH 8, KCl concentration 0.1 mol/L, time 30 min, the amounts of DWGF 0.500 g, W₀ 25 and temperature 36 °C. Under these conditions, the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP achieved 37%.     

蚕丝纤维在反相乳液中对酸性染料的吸附性能

为了达到节水节能的目的,使用非离子型表面活性剂TX-100、正辛醇、异辛烷和酸性染料水溶液制备用于蚕丝纤维染色的非离子型反胶束体系。首先研究pH值和增溶水量对染料平衡吸附量的影响,接着使用酸性橙156、酸性黑234和酸性媒介黑9对蚕丝纤维进行吸附实验,并使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行拟合,考察染料结构与染料平衡吸附量之间的关系。结果表明,在反胶束体系中pH值的增加不利于蚕丝对酸性染料的吸附,在增溶水量W=10时染料的平衡吸附量达到极大值。此外,蚕丝纤维对酸性染料的吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附模型,该吸附过程为单分子吸附,并属于优惠吸附;蚕丝对酸性媒介黑9的平衡吸附量最大,这与染料的分子结构有关。     

祁连山主要植被下土壤对降雨分配的研究

以祁连山主要植被类型下的土壤为研究对象，对其物理性质、渗透率、渗流速度及其地表径流进行研究，结果表明：土壤的物理性质决定着土壤对降雨的分配情况，有林地将降雨全部分配成入渗水，而牧坡草地根据降雨强度和持续时间不同将降雨按不同的比例分配成入渗水和地表径流水2部分，不同植被的土壤蓄水量也各不相同。林地土壤100cm土层蓄水量为320．2～509．7mm，比牧坡草地高5．4％～60．47％，灌丛云杉和高山灌丛土壤蓄水量最高；轻度放牧的草地土壤蓄水量比强度放牧的高33．48％。     

A split-root apparatus for examining the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on the water status of neighbouring crops

We describe a split-root system for examining the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on crop growth. In this system, upper lateral tree roots were grown in a container set on the ground through which the taproot of the tree could penetrate into the moist soil below. The container, with a radius of 0.5 m and a height of 0.20 m, consisted of two compartments divided by a waterproof barrier. A markhamia tree (Markhamia lutea (Benth.) Schumann) and upland rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) plants were planted in one compartment, with only rice plants planted in the other compartment. Irrigation of the container was ceased at the start of the experiment. The stomatal conductance of the rice plants in the associated side, in which both trees and rice plants were grown, declined more rapidly during the first drying period than in the rice-only compartment, suggesting that there was competition for water between the tree and the crop plants. However, during the later drying period, the rice plants in the associated side were green and viable, while those in the rice-only side became desiccated. Rice roots were seen intermingling with tree roots, and the soil water content in the associated site tended to be higher than in the rice-only side. It is likely that hydraulic lift occurred in the associated side and that water that had been transferred to the surface roots was released into the soil, enabling the rice plants in this compartment to remain viable. This novel system is useful for examination of the effects of hydraulic lift by trees on the growth of neighbouring crops. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

某化工企业废水再生回用效果分析

指出了微滤-反渗透是迅速崛起的一门分离技术,它在环境保护的水处理中有着广泛的应用,是实现污水资源化的关键技术。对某化工集团废水处理工程的深度处理采用微滤一反渗透技术,能明显降低原水中的浊度、总碱度、总硬度和氯离子,实现污水的中水回用进行了分析。     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

水稻质核互作雄性不育系选育的反向杂交法研究

不同的部分保持系可能存在不同的微效恢复基因,通过有性杂交,产生基因重组,能够获得完全保持系类型,但只有在不育细胞质中才能观察得到微效恢复基因是否存在以及它们的作用大小.反向杂交法以不育细胞质为选择背景,在杂交后代植株中直接观察到微效恢复基因的表达,获得的完全不育株,在一定程度上排除微效恢复基因,不育株再通过高温处理转换为可育后自交,来自不育株的微效恢复基因可以进一步排除掉,从而产生出没有(或很少)微效恢复基因的"亲本",利用该"亲本"高温处理后仍可转换为可育的特性,作为父本进行杂交或回交育种,在其后代中获得没有微效恢复基因的完全保持系.该研究为Cp 26不育细胞质源创造出了完全保持系.如果在田间鉴定出优异的完全不育株,对其进行单倍体育种(诱导孤雌生殖或花培),选择到没有(或很少)微效恢复基因的纯合不育株.再对其进行花培,筛选可育的突变体;或者利用纯合不育株的原生质体与一个已破坏细胞核的可育系原生质体融合,都可能得到具有纯合不育株细胞核和可育细胞质的保持系,而能够完善和改进反向杂交法.反向杂交法不但能够为所谓不能保持的不育细胞质源创造出保持系,而且有利于加强新不育系选育的目标性和预见性,提高不育系配合力和培育不同类型优异不育系.     

点云自适应切片方法研究

在反求工程(RE)中,对点云模型进行曲面重构不仅花费大量的时间,而且要求操作人员具有丰富的经验。而对点云切片则可避免曲面重构,直接生成层片文件,输入到快速成型(RP)机进行加工。但是点云切片的一个难题就是如何确定每层切片的厚度以保证切片的形状精度在误差范围内,提出一种基于距离图像的点云自适应切片的新方法,能够获得在给定的形状误差范围内切片层的最大厚度。