药物防治蝇害的研究进展

蝇害已经成为危害规模化畜禽养殖的重要问题。文章回顾了防治蝇害的三代杀虫剂的发展过程和存在的问题 ;展望了作为新一代环境友好防治蝇害药物的昆虫生长调节剂的开发前景。     

Effects of winter wheat cultivars and seed rate on the biological characteristics of naturally occurring weed flora

Summary Differential competitive ability of six winter wheat cultivars and traits that confer such attributes were investigated for a range of seed rates in the presence or absence of weeds for a naturally occurring weed flora in two successive years in split-plot field experiments. Crop height and tillering capacity were considered suitable attributes for weed suppression, although competitiveness is a relative rather than an absolute characteristic. Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon were the most competitive cultivars whereas Fresco was the least competitive. Manipulation of seed rate was a more reliable factor than cultivar selection for enhancement of weed suppression, although competitiveness of cultivars Buster, Riband and Maris Widgeon was not enhanced by increased seed rate. Crop densities ranging between 125 and 270 plants m⁻² were found to offer adequate weed suppression. Linear relationships were observed between individual and total weed species dry weight and reproductive structures per unit area.     

拟寄生物与寄主关系适合性的免疫学基础

昆虫免疫是寄主昆虫抵御寄生物侵袭的一种防卫机制。寄主昆虫常通过被囊化作用来清除不适合的拟寄生物；相应地，拟寄生物逐步建立起一系列克服寄主免疫应答的策略，包括被动的和主动的策略。     

真空渗入法转pinⅡ基因菜薹外源基因的遗传与表达

 本研究对利用真空渗入法获得的转bar基因及pinⅡ基因菜薹，进行了外源基因的遗传及表达情况分析。结果表明通过该方法获得的转基因植株，外源基因能够稳定遗传。bar基因在 代的分离大部分符合孟德尔遗传规律，但也有不符合的群体；pin II基因在 代中稳定表达，但各个株系之间的表达水平差异较大，因而各个株系的抗虫效果也具有显著差异，即使具有相同外源基因拷贝数的各个株系，其PIN I／蛋白表达量和抗虫效果也具有显著差异。     

昆虫抗菌肽生物学活性及其应用前景

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽 ,具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性 ,具有很高的应用潜力。本文主要介绍昆虫抗菌肽的类型、生理活性、基因的克隆与表达及在动物科学中的应用前景     

大豆资源对斜纹夜蛾的抗性鉴定

利用网室采集的57份大豆资源的叶片,室内喂养刚孵化的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,以幼虫重为指标,鉴定大豆资源对斜纹夜蛾的抗性.综合2001年和2002年的鉴定结果,品种间、年份间、品种与年份互作差异均达极显著水平.根据标准品种分级法对抗性鉴定结果进行划分,从供试的大豆资源中筛选出4个高抗和3个高感的标准品种,可以用于抗性的分级及抗虫新基因的发掘.     

甘蔗抗虫机制的研究进展

甘蔗是重要的糖料作物也是潜在的能源作物,而甘蔗的生长过程中长期受到各种虫害威胁。目前用于防治甘蔗害虫主要是通过化学防治和生物防治,带来的害虫耐药性和环境安全问题不容忽视。选育和利用抗虫品种,挖掘甘蔗自身抗虫特性是目前公认的最根本、经济有效和对环境影响最少的办法。笔者首先介绍了不同甘蔗品种对甘蔗螟虫的抗性等级,再从甘蔗的物理抗性和生理生化抗性2个方面阐述甘蔗的抗虫原理,并重点介绍了甘蔗的诱导型生理生化防御体系。全文还就目前甘蔗抗虫研究现状提出建议和展望,以期为培育甘蔗抗性品种以及蔗田害虫综合治理提供参考。     

Weed abundance and soil seedbank responses to tillage systems in continuous maize crops

Weed abundance in crops undergoes frequent changes, often due to changes in tillage practices. Annual species, with quick germination, a short vegetative stage, profuse seed production and long-lived seeds become problematic under zero-tillage systems. Portulaca oleracea L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. are widespread weeds in the Mediterranean area, prominent in irrigated crops. We studied the total weed abundance in the field, and specifically these two species (Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus blitoides) with high frequency of occurrence in monoculture maize, from 2012 to 2014, in the field and soil seedbank. Results showed significant differences between zero-tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on total weed abundance and relative abundance of Portulaca oleracea. Total weed abundance decreased in ZT plots (from 136 plants m^?2 to 25 and 46 plants m^?2, in 2013 and 2014 respectively). The same trend was observed in Portulaca oleracea recorded in ZT plots, but the abundance of Amaranthus blitoides did not vary in this system. Weed seedling germination and weed seed numbers both of total weed seedbank and Portulaca oleracea, were greater in ZT plots compared to CT, regarding Amaranthus blitoides seedling germination and seed count, the values did not increase with ZT, in continuous maize crops.     

东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查初报

１９９３年４－９月与法国农科院合作，北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查的初步总结得出：危害兴安落叶松球果的害虫以球果花蝇属为主，共５种，落叶松球果花蝇。贝加尔球果花蝇，黑胸球果花蝇，稀球果花蝇和斯氏球果花蝇。其中斯氏球果花蝇在我国是首次报首为新记录。这几咱花蝇造成的落叶松要被害率，其中有些地区可达１００％，平均为６３％。以黑胸球果花蝇为绝对优势种，占花蝇种群数量的５３％。兴安落叶松种子     

18SrDNA序列与同翅目昆虫的分类系统

大量文献资料分析发现，昆虫１８Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ序列可以用作种上分类的指标，同翅目中所有胸喙亚目昆虫的１８Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ序列比头喙亚目及地翅目昆虫的１８Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ序列长，是典型的分子分类特征。