青藏高原江河源区退化草地人工改良措施对高原鼠兔种群动态影响

通过对江河源区退化草地采取建植人工和半人工草地的措施进行改良,以影响害鼠(高原鼠兔)种群,达到防治鼠害的目的。     

Histological investigation of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) development in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars

The wheat cultivar Kariega expresses complete adult plant resistance against stripe rust, whereas cv. Avocet S is susceptible. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, initial fungal penetration into flag leaves was identical in both cultivars, with directional germ-tube growth towards stomata that were penetrated without the formation of an appressorium, followed by differentiation of a substomatal vesicle, infection hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria. During the following 4 days, further fungal development occurred more quickly in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar. However, by 7 days postinoculation (dpi) the situation changed, with exponential growth of the pathogen occurring only in the susceptible line. Induced cellular lignification, a typical defence reaction of cereals, was observed at 4 dpi in the resistant cultivar, and 2 days later lignified tissue completely surrounded the fungal colonies. In the susceptible cultivar, isolated lignified host cells occurred at 6 dpi, and long, unbranched fungal hyphae outgrowing the resistance reaction were observed.     

黄羽肉鸡IGF-1基因单核苷酸多态性与生长性状的相关研究

本试验将类胰岛素生长因子1(IGF-1)作为研究肉鸡生长的候选基因,以海门京海集团的第二世代黄羽肉鸡为试验材料,根据鸡IGF-1基因DNA序列设计引物,采用PCR-SSCP方法进行SNP检测和基因型分析,探讨IGF-1基因多态性与鸡生长性状之间的关系。于IGF-1基因外显子1上发现一处突变。这个突变产生的不同基因型与鸡生长性状进行的统计分析结果表明,个体的1日龄初生重、4周龄、12周龄及300日龄成年体重在不同基因型之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。AA基因型1日龄初生重、4周龄、8周龄及300日龄成年体重均显著高于BB基因型个体(P<0.05)。推测可以将IGF-1基因应用于鸡生长的标记辅助选择育种实践。     

黄羽肉鸡群体遗传变异的微卫星分析及其与体重杂种优势的关系

选用10对微卫星引物分析了黄羽肉鸡A、B、C3个品系的遗传结构和差异,并对微卫星标记所计算的个体间遗传距离与C×B、C×A杂交后代的初生至8周龄体重的杂种优势和杂种优势率进行了相关分析。结果表明,10个微卫星标记中有9个表现出多态性,多态信息含量(PIC)和群体杂合度(Heterozigosity)分别为0·4400和0·6811,各品系、各微卫星基因座上都表现出一定差异。利用9个多态微卫星标记计算得出的亲本个体间的遗传距离与后代杂种优势率间多数没有显著的相关(P>0·05),仅C×B组合中亲本个体间平均遗传距离与第8周龄体重杂种优势和杂种优势率间相关显著(P<0·05)。     

饲粮不同营养水平对黄羽肉鸡能量和粗蛋白质表观代谢率的影响

为探讨饲粮的不同营养水平对黄羽肉鸡能量和粗蛋白质表观代谢率的影响,用甘肃黄鸡在4周龄和8周龄分别做2期代谢试验。第1期试验设A、B、C组,第2期设A、BH、B、BL、C组。试验结果表明:能量代谢率,第1期A、B、C组分别为76.68%、69.55%和65.51%,组间差异均显著(P<0.05);第2期BH、A和B组(71.50%、71.00%和69.31%)3组均显著地高于BL和C组(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质代谢率,第1期A、B、C组分别为54.63%、52.27%和51.82%,第2期B和BH组最高(43.80%、43.22%),但两期组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可得出,营养水平饲粮条件下中速型黄羽鸡能量和粗蛋白质代谢率最高。     

长蒴母草黄脉病毒——一个双生病毒的新种

 从采集于海南儋州地区表现黄脉症状的长蒴母草(Lindernia anagallis)上分离到病毒分离物L2, DNA-A全序列分析结果表明, 全长2739个核苷酸(nt)(GenBank登录号:AY795900), 共编码6个ORF, 其中病毒链编码AV1(CP)、AV2, 互补链编码AC1、AC2、AC3、AC4。利用BLAST程序对DNA-A进行分析表明, 与L2 DNA-A有同源关系的病毒均为双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员。进一步比较发现, L2 DNA-A与我国广东报道的广东番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl Guangdong virus, ToLCGuV)(AY602165)全基因组核苷酸序列的同源性最近, 仅为77.0%, 说明L2为Begomovirus中的一个新种, 命名为长蒴母草黄脉病毒(Lindernia anagallis yellow vein virus, LAYVV)。与L2的IR区及各基因编码的氨基酸序列有最高同源性的病毒均来源于亚洲。利用DNA-B特异引物和DNA-β的特异引物, 均未检测到DNA-B和卫星DNA-β的存在。     

云南主要地方牛种的屠宰性能研究

首次对云南主要地方牛种的屠宰性能作了研究。大额牛、云南瘤牛、迪庆黄牛、中甸牦牛和中甸牛扁牛的宰前活重（ｋｇ）分别为１７０．０±２５．０、３２４．５±２８．５、１６３．３０±２４．８９、３０９．１３±５９．７５和１８３．２５±２７．５９;胴体重（ｋｇ）分别为７８．１８±８．８２、１６５．９１±１６．２９、８３．８８±１５．４２、１７８．７７±３４．０８和８３．８５±１８．１４;屠宰率（％）分别为５２．５６±０．７８、５１．０８±１．５３、５１．２５±２．９０、５７．６０±４．５４和４５．４４±３．５１;净肉率（％）３９．７６±０．２４、３９．９７±１．２９、３９．７９±３．９２、４５．６８±４．３９和３４．３１±３．８５;眼肌面积（ｃｍ２）分别为４９．８４±１４．８２、７６．０７±３．６０、３３．２０±５．９２、５５．３５±１５．３１和３４．３７±９．７２。结果表明：大额牛、云南瘤牛、迪庆黄牛和中甸牦牛,在放牧条件下有较好的产肉性能,尤其是云南瘤牛、中甸牦牛的产肉性能更为突出。     

Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach

Stapanian MA, Witzel LD, Cook A. Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 326–337. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA Abstract – World‐wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993–2001 but declined during 2002–2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species’ range.     

3种提取基因组DNA方法的比较分析

分别采用3种不同的方法提取基因组DNA，比较所提取的DNA的质量以及提取所需时间、费用，以期选择一种高效、简洁快速、价格合理的提取方法。结果发现这3种方法提取的质量都能达到相关分子生物学试验的要求，但在操作步骤、时间、价格等方面存在差异，具体比较结果可为分子生物学试验选择提取方法提供依据。     

酶促反应在黄浆水酯化技术中的应用研究

从优质大曲中分离出具有高活性酯化能力的微生物,用于黄浆水的酯化,利用酶促反应,加速加大黄浆水的酯化速度和效率。同时,摸索出黄浆水中各种酯化因素的最佳参数,黄浆水酯化液在生产中的应用方法等。