2种测定产油酵母菌生长曲线方法的比较

[目的]了解产油酵母菌Y1的生长繁殖规律。[方法]采用分光光度法和直接计数法分别对产油酵母菌Y1的生长曲线进行测定,并对2种方法的测定结果进行比较。[结果]在菌株对数生长期以前,2种方法所测结果基本一致,而在菌株稳定期和衰亡期直接计数法更能真实反映酵母菌的生长情况;在对数生长期和稳定期,产油酵母菌Y1培养液的OD600值与细胞数量之间均存在较好的相关性。[结论]为优化产油酵母菌Y1的产脂发酵条件提供了参考。     

固定化酵母细胞糖蜜酒精连续发酵的研究

本文报道采用海藻酸钙作载体固定酵母活细胞用于糖蜜酒精连续发酵的研究。结果表明:在发酵液中加人研制的微量 MG 稳定剂,可显著提高载体的稳定性。固定化酵母细胞可连续正常使用6个月以上。在温度30—33℃,pH4—5,糖浓度16％～19％(W/V)发酵条件下,每升固定化酵母细胞每小时可产酒精24～25g;固定化酵母细胞分批和连续发酵,分别比传统的游离酵母分批发酵效率提高24％和8倍以上。     

红树莓酵素发酵过程中优势菌株的分离鉴定

为筛选红树莓酵素发酵过程中的优势菌株,对自制红树莓发酵饮料进行稀释涂布和划线分离,共得到酵母菌5株,产酸菌1株。对分离菌株进行形态学鉴定、生理生化鉴定以及分子生物学鉴定,5株酵母菌中F211和S1是酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae);Z3和P21是库德毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii);B31为盔形毕赤酵母(Pichia manshurica);产酸菌RS13为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。本研究结果将为红树莓酵素发酵剂的制备提供参考和理论基础     

快速筛选环境雌激素酵母细胞的试验研究

通过分子生物学技术将雌激素效应元件(ERE)基本序列插入β-半乳糖苷酶的Lac Z报告基因的上游．并将其置于重组酵母细胞雌激素受体(ER)的调控之下。结果表明：当环境雌激素作用于酵母细胞时,会使ER发生变构效应．与ERE结合使LacZ基因得以表达．其表达量与环境雌激素的污染程度具有剂量效应关系,通过检测β-半乳糖苷酶的活性,可反映环境雌激素的污染程度;与双酚A和苯甲酸雌二醇活性相比较,β-雌二醇活性最强,但双酚A活性明显高于苯甲酸雌二醇。     

高活性干酵母对中华鳖非特异性免疫功能和抗病力的影响

报道了高活性干酵母对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)幼鳖非特异性免疫功能和抗病力影响的研究结果。试验共设6个组，在各组饵料中高活性干酵母的添加量依次为每千克体重0mg(对照组)、600．0mg(试验Ⅰ组)、800．0nag(试验Ⅱ组)、1000．0mg(试验Ⅲ组)、1200．0mg(试验Ⅳ组)和1400．0mg(试验Ⅴ组)。投喂30d后，从每组中各取10只中华鳖幼鳖采血，测定了中华鳖幼鳖血液中自细胞的吞噬活性、血清中溶菌酶和补体活性；另从每组分别取30只中华鳖幼鳖用注射嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的方法行人工感染，检测其抗病力。研究结果表明，各试验组中华鳖幼鳖血液中自细胞的吞噬活性均显著高于对照组。第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ组中华鳖幼鳖血清中溶菌酶活性与对照组之间没有显著性差异，而试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组中华鳖幼鳖血清中溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和第Ⅴ组中华鳖幼鳖血清中补体活性与对照组之间存在显著差异，而第1组与对照组之间无显著性差异。投喂高活性干酵母能增强中华鳖幼鳖对人工感染A.hydrvphila活菌的抵抗力。研究结果证明在中华鳖幼鳖饵料中添加高活性干酵母的量以每千克体重1200．0mg左右为宜。     

Conditional expression of harpinPsscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpinPss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR)

Conditional expression of harpin_Psscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpin_Pss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR).Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae 61 hrp Z gene encodes harpin_Pss, a 34.7 kD extracellular protein that elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Conditional expression of either full-length or truncated hrp Z sequences under the GAL1 promoter caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y187. Plating of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants on a medium containing galactose resulted in complete inhibition of colony formation, whereas their growth on a glucose-based medium was unaffected. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of harpin_Pssin yeast cells transformed with pYEUT- hrp Z and grown in galactose-containing medium. A time-dependent decline in the percentage of trypan blue-excluding cells in cultures of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was observed when cultured on galactose-containing medium. Similarly, the number of viable cells reduced to about 50% within 6 h. There were similarities in the harpin_Pss-mediated cell death in plants and yeast cell death (YCD). Galactose-induced cell death in pYEUT-hrp Z transformants of S. cerevisiae Y187 was suppressed by a protein kinase inhibitor K252a (10 μ M). The viability of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was prolonged in the presence of 100 U ml⁻¹catalase suggesting a role for the oxidative burst in YCD that was further supported by the flow cytometric patterns of propidium iodide uptake by yeast cells. Overall, it appears that yeast provides a useful model system to understand the molecular mechanism of harpin_Pss-mediated cell death.     

Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors

Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 μ methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 m salicylic acid or 50 μ methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 × 10⁴ spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum.     

利用甘蔗糖蜜生产饲料酵母发酵条件的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产高生物量饲料酵母,通过单因素正交试验设计,确定优化的培养条件为:温度28℃,pH5.0,装液量200mL/500mL,摇床转速180r/min,培养时间84h。在优化的培养条件下酵母菌株的总蛋白质含量可达到6.01g/L。     

Chitosan Stimulates Defense Reactions in Grapevine Leaves and Inhibits Development of Botrytis Cinerea

Chitosan (β-1,4-linked glucosamine oligomer) derived from crab shells conferred a high protection of grapevine leaves against grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. Under controlled conditions, it was shown to be an efficient elicitor of some defense reactions in grapevine leaves and to inhibit directly the in vitro development of B. cinerea. Treatment of grapevine leaves by chitosan led to marked induction of lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chitinase activities, three markers of plant defense responses. Dose-response curves show that maximum defense reactions (PAL and chitinase activities) and strong reduction of B. cinerea infection were achieved with 75–150 mg l⁻¹ chitosan. However, greater concentrations of chitosan did not protect grapevine leaves with the same efficiency, but inhibited mycelial growth in vitro. Present results underlined the potency of chitosan in inducing some defense responses in grapevine leaves which in turn might improve resistance to grey mould.     

杨盘二孢激发子的分离及稳定性研究

 从杨盘二孢的培养滤液和菌丝中获得2种激发子粗提物,分别测定其糖和蛋白质的含量,发现滤液激发子粗提物(CFE)糖和蛋白质的含量分别为41.07和40mg/mL,菌丝激发子粗提物(CME)糖和蛋白质含量分别为48.07和55mg/mL。滤液激发子粗提物对温度不敏感而对碱性条件敏感;菌丝激发子粗提物对酸碱不敏感而对温度敏感。用Sephadex G-100柱层析的方法初步纯化2种激发子,并且菌丝激发子粗提物过柱后得到2个活性组分J14和J25;滤液激发子粗提物过柱后获得2个活性组分L9和L16。将4个组分进行烟草叶片过敏反应和I-895杨酶活性的诱导,结果表明,菌丝激发子强活性物质集中在J14组分;而滤液激发子强活性物质集中在L9组分。