不同判读方式和判读人员对遥感正判率的影响分析

在湖南省按照不同地貌类型和地类破碎程度抽取4 km×4 km大样地10个,采用不同判读方式(充分参考林业档案信息与不参考林业档案信息)和不同判读人员(有5年以上遥感判读经验人员与无任何遥感判读经验人员)对10个大样地进行遥感判读区划,并对判读区划结果进行实地调查验证。分析表明:各地类正判率与其面积成正相关,其它调查因子判读难度较大;充分参考林业档案信息能够显著提高正判率,但优势树种、起源、龄组、郁闭度等因子综合正判率仍然偏低;不同判读工作经验人员对遥感判读有一定的影响,无判读工作经验人员应经过一定程度培训后才可参与判读工作。     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

固原市退耕地甘肃鼢鼠发生特点调查分析

本研究从宁夏固原退耕还林区甘肃鼢鼠Myospalax cansus Lyon持续发生的实际出发,以甘肃鼢鼠发生特点为主要研究内容,采用标准地调查法,经分析表明固原市退耕地甘肃鼢鼠发生面积124 667 hm2,其中重度危害5 867 hm2;主要危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Garr、华北落叶松Larix prin- cipis-rupprechtii Mayr、沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L、山杏Prunus armeniaca Linn、山桃Prunus da- vidiana(Carr．)Franch等常规造林树种,且幼林受害严重;发生状况与退耕地坡向、坡度有密切的关系,其中黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地是鼢鼠发生的重点区域。并对甘肃鼢鼠大规模人工捕打后自然种群的消长规律进行了分析,同时针对固原市的生态条件和林业生产实际,提出了适合宁夏农林业生产实际和鼢鼠生物学、生态学特性的治理方案。     

圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发行为及生理生化指标的影响

选择城市绿化重要树种圆柏为研究对象,探讨北美圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发活动及其生理生化指标的影响及挥发性物质与环境间的关系。采用旷场分析法,将入组的30只昆明小鼠分成3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,低剂量组和高剂量组分别对应地暴露于210 g和420 g圆柏枝叶中,每天4 h,连续处理6 d,观察小鼠各行为指标,结合医学手段分析小鼠相应的生理生化指标。结果表明,小鼠的中央格运动路程、总路程及中央格运动时间都呈现一定的剂量反应;体质量呈稳定增长趋势;生理指标正常,生化指标有部分超出正常范围。经低浓度枝叶挥发物处理的小鼠兴奋性增强,探究和认知能力增强,且其食欲没有受到影响,但是引起部分生化指标的异常,其作用机制还需进一步的探索。研究结果为圆柏作为生态保健树用于城市森林人居环境建设绿化配置提供科学依据。     

稻田免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯的产量及商品性研究

于2004—2005年开展了稻田免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯不同密度和不同施肥田间试验,结果表明：在不同密度和肥料运筹处理下,马铃薯产量存在显著差异,以F1D4产量最高。在不同密度处理下马铃薯产量随马铃薯种植密度的提高而增产,马铃薯种植密度降低有利于形成大薯,平均单个薯重增加,提高商品性,提出稻田免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯最低密度不宜少于60000穴/hm2,高肥下可适当降低播种密度,低肥下应适当增加播种密度。     

稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测的研究

对稻谷储藏过程中,水分和温度的变化与真菌生长关系进行了研究,建立了一种稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测方法.将12.5％％、13.4％、14.5％、15.6％和16.2％水分稻谷样品,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃恒温箱中储藏180 d,每10 d取一次样检测真菌生长状况.结果表明:12.5％水分稻谷长期储藏是安全的;13.4％水分稻谷短期储存是安全的,长期储藏仍存在潜在风险;14.5％水分稻谷在15℃以下储存半年是安全的;15.6％和16.2％稻谷在实验的6个温度下储存20 d内均检出有真菌生长.不同温度下稻谷储藏真菌生长顺序为:35℃＞30℃＞25℃＞20℃＞15℃＞10℃.基于上述真菌生长规律的研究,对稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌起始生长时间进行幂函数分析,得出稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌危害早期预测曲线,通过本曲线可进行高水分稻谷储存安全期预测.     

COMPUTING THE VORTEX ELECTRIC FIELD BY THE SUPERIMPQSITION METHOD OF THE ELEMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELD

In this paper, the vortex electric field is computed. It is caused by magnetic field subject to two dimensional change. This problem can't be solved in general physics. Two examples are listed.     

A database management system for information retrieval and documentation of experiments for plant breeders

Summary An existing database system for seed collections has been augmented by programs providing plans for field experiments, record sheets and adhesive labels for seed packets. Information on accession names and parentage is picked up from the database. At the end of the season information on material seleeted in the trials is automatically added to the database.     

Performance and Variability of Local Barley Landraces in Near-Eastern Environments

Homozygous lines from six Syrian and two Jordanian landrace populations were tested under highly productive growing conditions in Tel Hadia (1982/83), under drought stress in Breda (1983/84), and under dryland salinity stress in Hegla (1982/83/84) in Syria. Mean grain yield levels ranged between 260 kg/ha and 4850 kg/ha. Under drought and salinity stress, the majority of the landrace lines out-yielded the best cheeks significantly. In Tel Hadia the check cultivars mostly outyielded the landrace lines, but not always significantly. In all environments the harvest index of the landrace lines was near the optimum for barley. They expressed intermediate plant height and time to flowering, high lodging susceptibility under favorable growing conditions, high protein content, and a wide range of yield component combinations. In the stress environments highly significant genetic variation among the landrace lines was found. The heritabilities for gram yield were high in these trials. The correlations between performance under stress and under favorable growing conditions were poor. Therefore, the largest gains for variety improvement for the Syrian steppe area are expected from direct selection under stress conditions. Unique responses in proline accumulation and germination patterns in saline solution indicated specific adaptation in this material. These landraces, thus, are a useful source of breeding material, which also widens the genetic base of the present breeding program.     

The Location of Sources of Field Resistance to Bremia lactucae in Wild Lactuca Species

Thirty-one accessions of four Lactuca species (L. serriola, L. saligna, L. aculeata, L. squarrosa) and one L. serriola×L. sativa hybrid were screened for field resistance to Bremia lactucae. In the L. serriola group, significant differences in the level of field resistance were distinguished. The accessions PI 281876 and PI 253467 were free of infection. Moreover, all L. saligna accessions tested were totally free from disease during three-year-investigation.