Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

盐胁迫对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以3个野生稻品种(系)和常规稻品种吉粳301(CK)为试验材料,研究了不同NaCl浓度对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对野生稻和常规粳稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响不同,NaCl浓度≤0.3%时,盐胁迫对3个野生稻种子发芽及幼苗生长没有影响,但促进吉粳301种子发芽及幼苗生长;NaCl浓度≥0.5%时,随着NaCl浓度的增大,3个野生稻种子发芽率逐渐降低,幼苗的根长、苗长、根冠比逐渐变小;NaCl浓度与3个野生稻种子发芽率有一定的负相关性;NaCl对野生稻幼苗根的抑制作用强于对苗的作用;不同野生稻品种对NaCl溶液的耐受能力不同,从大到小依次为MY-3、延引红、HY-1。     

天山野果林塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌的鉴定

为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。     

宁夏杏、李子花期幼果期霜冻指标试验研究

霜冻是制约宁夏经济林果生产的主要农业气象灾害之一,探究不同果树霜冻指标可为果树霜冻预报、监测预警及果树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。本研究采用人工霜冻模拟箱模拟霜冻试验,对杏树、李子树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间开展研究,结果表明：2个杏品种‘金太阳’和‘李梅杏’花期遭受霜冻的温度指标差异不大,-2℃为轻度受冻,-2~-3℃之间为中度受冻,＜-3℃持续时间大于1 h则为重度受冻。4个李子品种花期‘尤萨’的耐冻性较强,在-3℃下持续4 h仅轻微受冻,其他品种在-3℃下就会严重受冻,‘龙园秋李’的耐冻性最差,-3℃持续1 h受冻率就会达到50%。杏幼果在-2.5℃持续1~2 h为轻度受冻,3~4 h为中度受冻,小于或等于-3℃持续1 h及以上为重度受冻,2个品种差异不大。李子幼果的耐冻性差于杏幼果,‘尤萨’在-1℃持续3~4 h和-2.5℃持续1 h就会轻度受冻,-2℃和-2.5℃时持续时间大于等于2 h或者遇-3℃低温就会重度受冻。‘兰蜜李’-2℃和-2.5℃大于或等于3 h或者温度小于等于-3℃为重度受冻。     

毛乌素沙地野生观赏植物资源及开发利用研究

经野外调查和室内资料统计,毛乌素沙地野生观赏植物共有83科、170属、499种(含变种)。引种试验表明,一些野生观赏植物或形态各异,迎霜傲雪;或花色艳丽,五彩缤纷,具有较高观赏价值。尤其是耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄,抗风沙,适宜在毛乌素沙区自然条件下推广种植。本文对沙区可用于城镇绿化的蓝刺头Echinops latifolius、罗布麻Apocynum venetum16等种主要野生观赏植物进行了比较详细地论述,并提出了可行性利用与保护措施。     

舟山海岛野生观赏植物的应用

通过对舟山群岛植物资源的调查研究,分析了耐盐碱植物、耐干旱瘠薄的阳性植物、耐阴植物和彩叶植物等海岛野生观赏植物的资源种类和特点,论述它们在营建沙滩风景林、海岛植物群落及园林绿化中的应用前景和方法.针对目前舟山海岛野生观赏植物开发应用不足,缺乏地方特色等现状,提出了合理开发野生观赏植物,筛选沙滩风景林树种和规划营造海岛群落景观等方面的建议,特别强调应采用海岛特色植物以体现海岛城市风格.参10     

尧山46种夏季野生灌木观赏植物评价

基于河南省尧山地区野外实地调查结果并结合相关文献,筛选出46种夏季野生花灌木观赏植物,利用层次分析法构建综合评价体系。从花、叶、果、枝干4个方面,选择16项评价指标,借助Yaahp 10.3软件并根据行业专家意见构建判断矩阵,确定各项指标的权重,对选定的46种植物进行综合评价。根据综合评价结果将46种夏季野生花灌木划分为4个等级,珍珠梅、桦叶荚蒾、金银忍冬等7种植物开发潜力大,紫珠、黄蔷薇、海州常山等11种植物可适度开发利用,匍匐栒子、锦带花、缫丝花等21种植物可作为一般开发利用对象,其余7种植物可较少考虑开发利用。以期为本地区夏季野生灌木资源开发提供参考。     

不同种质李果实酚类物质组分及其含量分析

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对‘红布林’、‘黑宝石’、‘安哥诺’、‘07-68’、‘436’、‘北国红’、‘金红李’和‘晚熟红李’8个种质李果实酚类物质进行分析。结果表明,8个种质李果实总酚平均含量为2934.05mg/kg,总黄酮平均含量为2155.7mg/kg。原花青素B1、儿茶素、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素、原花青素C、芦丁、槲皮素-半乳糖、槲皮素-葡萄糖、槲皮素-木糖醇和槲皮素-吡喃阿拉伯糖平均含量分别为51.94mg/kg、22.80mg/kg、9.85mg/kg、33.91mg/kg、17.08mg/kg、14.89mg/kg、19.79mg/kg、4.66mg/kg、31.39mg/kg、4.16mg/kg和19.99mg/kg。各组分变异系数为33.89%-266.65%,体现出丰富的多样性。不同试材中,‘北国红’富含原花青素B1、儿茶素,‘红布林’富含绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素和原花青素C,‘晚熟红李’富含芦丁和槲皮素-吡喃阿拉伯糖,‘安哥诺’富含槲皮素-半乳糖,‘436’富含槲皮素-葡萄糖,‘07-68’富含槲皮素-木糖醇。不同种质李果实酚类物质组成及含量体现出明显差异性。