Topical formulations of water-soluble chitin as a wound healing assistant

Water-soluble chitin (WSC) was prepared by carefully deacetylating chitins to about 50% of N-acetyl content. Topical formulations based on WSC were prepared and their effects on wound healing were evaluated on a rabbit ear model. Full-thickness, open skin wounds were made on the ears of rabbits and WSC ointments were embedded in the open wounds. The application of WSC ointments significantly accelerated wound healing and wound contraction. The areas of epithelialization and granulation tissues in WSC ointment group are remarkably larger than those in control group (no treatment) and in placebo group (treated with ointment-base materials). A large number of grown granulation tissues including dense fibroblast deposition were observed under the thickened epithelium of the wound treated with WSC ointments. The number of inflammatory cells in WSC ointment group was significantly decreased compared with those in control and placebo groups, indicating that WSC would give low stimuli to wounds and prevent excessive scar formation. Neovascularization was the most prominent in WSC ointment group. Wound contraction in WSC ointment group was much larger than those in control and placebo groups. Overall results demonstrate that the topical formulation based on WSC is considered to become an excellent dressing as a wound healing assistant.     

巴西橡胶树乳管生物学与胶乳生产

论述了3个限制天然橡胶生产的关键因素,即割胶后排胶持续的时间、两次割胶之间胶乳的再生和乳管从维管形成层的产生。同时说明,对橡胶树自身来说,乳管可能是与机械损伤相联系的一种保护组织,而乳管的形成和功能,能够被包括乙烯和茉莉酸在内的伤害信号高度地调节。     

新疆杨胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆与表达

杨树受损伤后能诱导一些基因的表达,其编码的蛋白质可能在杨树的防卫反应中起一定作用.用PCR方法从新疆杨叶片中克隆出一个损伤诱导型Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因PaTI1.序列分析表明:此基因不含内含子,其翻译起点上游具有'TATA'和 'CCAAT'等转录控制元件,包含的阅读框架能编码一个长为213个氨基酸的多肽.此多肽与克隆自美洲山杨的PtTI2 和PtTI1氨基酸序列同源性最高,分别为95%和80%,其N端存在一长度为27个氨基酸的信号肽.将此基因以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,纯化后的融合蛋白对胰蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用,每8.5 μg融合蛋白可完全抑制1 μg牛胰蛋白酶的活性.Western blot分析表明融合蛋白与PtTI2特异的抗体之间有明显的血清学反应.     

绿盲蝽越冬卵在灵武长枣枝条的分布特征研究

针对宁夏灵武地区枣园绿盲蝽越冬卵在枣枝的分布特征不明等问题，于2018年3月初采用“Z”字形取样法调查了两块枣园样地绿盲蝽越冬卵在枣枝上的产卵位置，并分析了修剪口处越冬卵的数量及形态特征。结果表明，当年休眠期枝剪口处的平均卵量显著高于枣股及其翘皮，且2年生枝与多年生枝剪口卵量显著高于1年生枝剪口；剪口周皮部的平均卵量显著小于髓心部，但带卵率显著大于髓心部；剪口周皮部的越冬卵长度、饱满度均显著大于髓心部，剪口周皮部与髓心部的越冬卵宽度、瘪卵数均差异不显著。在管理精细无杂草的纯枣园中，休眠期修剪口处的周皮部与髓心部是绿盲蝽产卵越冬的主要场所。据此提出封闭剪口与早春整枝修剪是防治绿盲蝽危害的关键措施。     

创伤愈合中P物质的免疫组化观察

目的：动态分析创伤愈合中中性粒细胞、成纤维细胞(fibroblast，FB)和P物质(Substance P，SP)阳性细胞的时空分布以及创伤局部SP物质的分布与变化，阐述上述变化与创伤愈合的关系。方法：取家兔皮肤创伤组织进行H．E．、免疫组化染色，分别观察局部组织与细胞的变化。结果：中性粒细胞于创后第1天最高，然后回落；FB在第3天即开始大量增殖，在上皮化接近完成，真皮重建活跃的第7天到达峰值；SP阳性物质在刨伤局部呈现强阳性反应，SP阳性细胞数在创后第1天，第3天，第5天时持续显著上升，维持在较高水平直到第15天后才回落。结论：中性粒细胞在创伤愈合早期起作用，不直接参与创伤修复，FB为刨伤修复的主要细胞，SP参与了创伤愈合的全过程。     

A cross-sectional survey on wounds in horses in New Zealand

AIM: To determine the frequency and type of skin wounds encountered by New Zealand veterinarians in their equine patients, the duration and estimated costs of treatment as well as the expected outcomes for these wounds.

METHODS: An online survey was sent to all veterinarians registered with the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association. The survey comprised questions on the location and experience of respondents, the number of wound-related cases in relation to the total equine caseload, the type and anatomical location of wounds treated, the frequency, duration and costs of treatments, the outcome of wound treatment and an estimate of the most common causes of death or euthanasia in their equine patients.

RESULTS: The survey response rate was 110/262 (41.9%). The median number of equine cases seen by respondents was 20 (interquartile range (IQR) 6–60) per month; of these, five (IQR 2–10) were wound related. Wounds ranked third after lameness and respiratory disease for the relative frequency with which respondents encountered them. Of 102 respondents 59 (58%) reported that their clients frequently treated wounds incurred by their horse without consulting a veterinarian. Wounds on the distal limb, whether involving only the skin or also deeper structures, were reported by 86/101 (85%) respondents as the most frequently encountered. Wounds in this location also incurred the longest treatment period and were the most prone to develop complications. Finally, wounds ranked second, after colic, as the most common cause of death/euthanasia in the veterinary respondents’ equine patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained via the survey indicate that skin wounds, particularly on the distal limb, are a common occurrence in horses in New Zealand and, when they involve structures underlying the skin, are costly and time-consuming to manage and may lead to decreased performance, retirement or euthanasia. Consequently, we recommend that more effort be devoted to the education of equine veterinarians and owners, and that appropriate research funds be allocated to help improve patient outcomes.     

利用“微创刷”法获得抗草甘膦转基因大豆

以发芽3 d的大豆成熟种子胚尖生长点为作用点,利用"微创刷"法将抗草甘膦基因(EPSPS)转入绥农22中,对转化植株T1代进行草甘膦筛选,对筛选后的抗性植株进行PCR检测,得到抗草甘膦转基因大豆。同时研究了不同浓度草甘膦对野生型绥农22与抗草甘膦转基因绥农22大豆植株的影响。结果表明:绥农22 T0代成株率为97.38%,对T1代具有草甘膦抗性的植株进行PCR检测,初步证明EPSPS基因成功转入大豆中,T1代转化效率为6.20%;对野生型绥农22与"微创刷"法获得的转基因绥农22大豆在不同浓度草甘膦进行相关生理指标测定,抗草甘膦转基因绥农22大豆在不同浓度草甘膦作用下叶片叶绿素含量指数、光合速率高于野生型绥农22大豆,莽草酸含量低于野生型绥农22大豆,进一步证明了大豆抗性植株对草甘膦的抗性。