柞蚕蛹感温发育阶段性激素变化的研究

本研究采用放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）检测了柞蚕蛹感温阶段睾酮和雌二醇的含量变化。经统计分析，血淋巴睾酮与积温呈曲线回归关系，雌二醇含量在发育过程中无显著变化。     

绵羊寄生线虫在体内及牧场上各发育阶段的季节动态研究

对亚热带草地模式区──湖北长阳火烧坪草畜示范场绵羊寄生线虫的优势种捻转血矛线虫、环纹奥斯特线虫和粗纹食道口线虫进行了成虫寄生量、羊粪中虫卵排出量和寄生虫体外发育育成率的逐月观察，结合气象资料──气温、相对湿度、蒸发量和雨量的观察记录，得出了这些优势种各发育阶段在绵羊体内及牧地上的季节动态以及与气温、湿度变化的关系。３种线虫在牧地上的体外育成率和在羊体内的寄生量都有２个峰，育成率于４月出现第１个峰，随之在５月成虫出现第１个峰，育成率于６或７月分别出现第２个更高的峰，成虫也于７～９月出现第２个更高的峰。说明成虫峰随体外发育育成峰而来，粪中虫卵的峰值则往往跟随成虫峰而出现。体外育成率的高低又明显受气温及温度影响，平均湿度低于１２℃时无峰出现，低于５℃时育成率为零，湿度在７９％以下时育成率很低。本文还讨论了防制建议。     

Evaluation using hoof wall strain gauges of a therapeutic shoe and a hoof cast with a heel wedge as potential supportive therapy for horses with laminitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate using strain gauges, a hoof cast with heel wedge, and a therapeutic shoe with unsupported toe for their effectiveness in redistribution of load from the dorsal hoof wall. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty forelimb specimens. METHODS: Rosette strain gauges were placed on the dorsal and lateral hoof wall of 20 normal shaped hooves. Limbs were loaded vertically using a tensile testing machine with a 1 Hz sinusoidally cycling load up to 3000 N during 15 seconds. Mean values of principal strain and direction at 2500 N load were calculated for 3 experimental conditions (unshod, therapeutic shoe with unsupported toe, and hoof cast with heel elevation) and tested by ANOVA (P<.05). RESULTS: Vertical limb loading in an unshod hoof leads to a biaxial compression of the dorsal wall with high longitudinal compression (epsilon2 = -1515 microm/m). Principal strain at the dorsal wall (epsilon2) was decreased by 23% with the therapeutic shoe and by 59% with the hoof cast. On the lateral hoof wall principal strain was unchanged with the shoe, but increased by 34% with the cast. CONCLUSIONS: Strain measurements indicate unloading of the dorsal hoof wall by both methods with the cast being more effective than the shoe. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The hoof cast with wedge offers substantial unloading of the dorsal wall, but increases load on the quarter. Therefore a hoof cast would likely be most helpful in acute laminitis when palmar structures can still bear load. The therapeutic shoe offers rehabilitation and regrowth of the dorsal wall without increased load on the quarter wall.     

几类扬州市售蔬菜寄生虫卵污染的检测分析

为了了解江苏省扬州市生鲜蔬菜寄生虫虫卵的分布规律,对扬州当地13个品种计130份生鲜蔬菜作现场采样,用清水沉淀法检验寄生虫虫卵,统计各类虫卵检出率和各种蔬菜的检测率。结果显示,蛔虫卵的检出率为13.85%,鞭虫卵检出率为3.08%,钩虫卵检出率为1.53%,蔬菜总检出率达到21.54%,尤其是香菜的检出率高达70%,青菜为50%,白萝卜、京葱、大葱30%,芹菜和胡萝卜20%,莴苣、黄瓜、小葱及青椒为10%;生姜和茄子未检出。可知当地蔬菜受寄生虫污染较普遍,应在食用前确保杀虫效果。     

家禽弃尸重制骨骼囊腔铸塑干教具的实验探索

本文笔者将解剖实验用后的家禽弃尸重新研制成实用的家禽骨骼囊腔铸塑干教具，不仅解决了实验动物尸体二次污染环境的问题，而且因为教具形态逼真、精细牢固而使解剖教学更形象生动，教学成果显著，同时还节省了很大一笔解剖教学实验经费。     

饲料锌含量对方格星虫稚虫生长性能、体成分、体腔液中锌含量及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

以蛋氨酸锌为锌源,在等氮等能的基础饲料中添加不同水平的锌,配制实际锌含量分别为9.3、31.7、49.9、90.1、168.6和326.5 mg/kg的6种试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为(14.54±0.10)mg的方格星虫稚虫8周,用以研究饲料锌含量对方格星虫稚虫生长、体成分、体腔液中锌含量及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。每种试验饲料设3个重复,每个重复饲喂400尾方格星虫稚虫。结果表明:饲料锌含量对方格星虫的成活率、增重率和特定生长率均有显著影响(P0.05),其中增重率和特定生长率均在饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值,并显著高于饲料锌含量最低(9.3 mg/kg)和最高(326.5 mg/kg)的组(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05),虫体粗脂肪含量随着饲料锌含量的提高呈先增后降的趋势,而粗灰分含量的趋势则相反。饲料锌含量对虫体水分和粗蛋白质含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体体腔液锌含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均有显著影响(P0.05)。虫体体腔液锌含量随着饲料锌含量的提高而不断上升,在饲料锌含量为326.5 mg/kg时达到最高值;而虫体体腔液中碱性磷酸酶活性则随着饲料锌含量的提高先上升后趋于稳定,当饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值。以增重率为评价指标,通过回归分析得出方格星虫稚虫饲料中适宜锌含量为41.93 mg/kg。     

Functional anatomy of the ocular circulatory system: vascular corrosion casts of the cetacean eye

OBJECTIVE: To examine the functional anatomy of the ocular circulation in four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and five melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra). PROCEDURE: Eyes were obtained postmortem from whales that died while in captivity and/or were found beached. Specimens from whales were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts and histology. The thermal characteristics of live dolphin eyes were measured using an infrared imaging system. RESULTS: The whale eye receives its primary blood supply from the ophthalmic rete, which extends just behind the eyeball. The ophthalmic rete diverges from the basilar rete and the cervical rete via the posterior thoracic artery. The iris and ciliary processes are supplied by iridic arteries via the major arterial circle that is located around the iris edge. The retinal vessels show the holangiotic type. Choroidal arteries run in parallel arrays so as to interdigitate the densely packed choroidal veins. The venules in the conjunctival fold and palpebral conjunctiva form a well-developed venous plexus. Thermographic examination revealed that the eye shows a substantially higher degree of thermal emission than adjacent skin areas. CONCLUSIONS: The cetacean eye is characterized by a unique vascular pattern and multivessel plexuses, which are quite different from those of terrestrial mammals. This suggests that the ocular vasculature might function as a thermoregulatory system so that the appropriate operating temperature for the photoreceptors can be maintained in a deep and cold aquatic environment. The distinctive plexuses in the orbit might also be for pooling blood in the eye to conserve oxygen during dives. The ophthalmic rete might play a role in a pressure-damping effect on cetacean ocular circulation as well.     

The Design and its Implementation of a MultiMedia Course for Cast Iron Welding

How to develop a multimedia course for cast iron welding is discussed.The course is implemented with a multimedia application development software ToolBook 3.0.     

平面二次包络环面蜗杆副的失配修形

提出平面二次包络环面蜗杆副失配啮合分析的两种新方法：齿面相切法和齿面零间隙法。失配平面二次包络环面蜗杆副啮合分析表明：Ｉ型传动对误差不十分敏感,但同时接触齿数少;标准型和Ⅱ型传动对误差十分敏感。本文提出失配修形法,用标准蜗杆与由Ⅱ型滚刀加工的蜗轮失配啮合,使蜗杆副初装时对误差不敏感,跑合后得到良好的接触质量。