山东高粱品种资源农艺性状及营养品质分析

对山东省现有的1223份高粱地方品种资源的农艺性状和部分材料的抗逆性、抗病虫性以及籽粒的蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量和单宁含量进行了分析,结果表明:农艺性状中株高以高秆品种最多,其次是特高秆品种,生育期集中在106～120d,千粒重以小粒品种和中粒品种最多,分别占34.59%、43.34%;穗长集中在20.1～35cm,穗粒重集中在30.1～70g;穗型以散穗最多,粒色以红粒为主,壳色以黑壳最多。高粱抗性中,已经鉴定的材料有2份耐盐性为1级,96.09%材料的耐盐级别为4、5级,有4份材料抗旱为1级,有2份材料对黑穗病免疫,多数材料不抗螟虫和蚜虫,但有9份材料抗螟性为1、2级;在已经测定的种质资源中有79.16%的材料蛋白质含量低于12.5%,有7份材料的蛋白质含量超过15%,有81.54%的材料赖氨酸含量在0.21%～0.40%之间,有4份材料赖氨酸含量超过0.45%,单宁平均含量0.645%,基本成正态分布,有101份材料含量低于0.1%。总之,山东省地方品种资源农艺性状、抗性、籽粒品质变异类型丰富,可以为高粱育种提供良好的种质资源。     

Genetic parameters of growth and resistance to Polydora ciliata in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata

The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is an economically important oyster cultured for pearl production in China. In this study, we used an animal model to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters of growth traits and a sire‐dam threshold model to estimate the resistance of P. fucata to polychaete Polydora ciliata. The results showed that the heritability estimates were 0.3850 ± 0.1421 for shell width, 0.3478 ± 0.1292 for body weight and 0.3387 ± 0.1316 for resistance to P. ciliata, and significantly different from zero (P < 0.05). Both phenotypic and genetic correlations were high between shell width and body weight (0.935 and 0.883 respectively) (P < 0.01), but low between resistance and shell width (0.260 and 0.233 respectively)/body weight (0.152 and 0.083 respectively) (r < 0.30; P > 0.05). The higher heritabilities for shell width, body weight and resistance traits suggested that the three traits can be genetically improved through selective breeding, but the low correlation between growth and resistance traits suggested that the resistance trait can be effectively improved through index selection or through hybridization of two specialized lines, i.e. a high‐resistant line and a high growth line.     

阿力佳注射液对犬蠕形螨病的治疗效果

采用阿力佳注射液对犬蠕形螨病进行治疗，两次给药取得了97％的治愈率，而一次给药治愈率仅为47％，并且两次给药明显缩短了治愈时间。     

新型B－M球墨铸铁磨球可行性研究

采用热开箱铸造余热分步等温淬火的热处理方法，研究了Ｃｕ－Ｍｏ－Ｃｒ合金球墨铸铁用于制作磨球的可行性。采用本工艺处理的冲击试样，其基体组织为下贝氏体加少量马氏体和残余奥氏体．冲击值大于１４Ｊ／ｃｍ２，硬度大于５２ＨＲＣ，使用性能高于锻钢球，和高铬球相当。     

Apical Meristem Tip Culture for Eradication of Flexous Rod Viruses in Yams (Dioscorea alata)

Abstract

Apical meristem tips excised from vines of Dioscorea alata cv. White Lisbon produced normal plantlets when cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with a range of auxins and cytokinins. Highest yields were obtained on basal medium supplemented with either 1.0 or 0.5 mg/l 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, in combination with either 0.2 or 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine, respectively. Eradication of flexous rod virus infections was possible only when meristems were excised from mother plants which had been growing at 36 + 1°C for at least 14 days; progeny of plantlets obtained from such meristems remained free of detectable virus infection as judged from symptomless growth for 16 months and electron microscopic examination of both sap and ultrathin sections of leaf tissue.     

Activity Patterns of Myosorex Varius And M. Cafer in Captivity

The circadian rhythms of captive Myosorex varius and M. cafer (Insectivora: Soricidae) were investigated. Both were predominantly nocturnal, M. varius being active for 4% of the day and 34% of the night, while comparable figures for M. cafer were 11% and 37% respectively. The mean level of daily activity in both forms was similar to that which appears to be characteristic of their subfamily, the Crocidurinae.     

Faecal worm egg count analysis for targeting anthelmintic treatment in horses: Points to consider

Equine gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous; in horses that graze contaminated pasture and that are not treated appropriately, large numbers of worms can accumulate, which can lead to serious clinical disease. Nematode control has traditionally followed interval treatment regimens, which involve regular anthelmintic administration to all horses based on the strongyle egg reappearance periods of each drug, usually defined around the time of licensing. Interval treatment programmes have resulted in substantial reductions in large strongyle disease, but have made major contributions to the development of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in cyathostomins. Cyathostomin resistance to 2 of the 3 available anthelmintic classes is widespread, and resistance to both classes in single populations is not uncommon. Reduced efficacy of the most commonly used macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics, as measured by shortened egg reappearance periods after treatment, is emerging in cyathostomins. Macrocyclic lactone resistance is also now commonly reported in Parascaris equorum on stud farms. Faecal worm egg counts (FWEC) are increasingly being used as part of targeted approaches to parasite control, whereby only those horses with moderate to high FWEC within a group are treated with an anthelmintic. The objective of this approach is to reduce environmental contamination, while leaving a proportion of the worm population in some horses unexposed to selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance. This article reviews recent findings in equine parasitology research that will underpin guidelines for control, with a particular focus on how to optimise the value of FWEC methodologies and anthelmintic efficacy analyses.