取食不同蔬菜的菜粉蝶幼虫对抑食肼的敏感性测定

叶片残留法测定结果表明,取食芥蓝（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａａｌｂｏｇｌｏｇｒａＢａｉｌｅｙ）白菜（ＢｃｏｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｍａｒｋｉｎｏｖａｒ．ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）,菜心（Ｂ．ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｓＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）,萝卜（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｕｍｖＬ．）的３,５龄菜粉蝶幼虫均对抑食腊的敏感性差异较大,ＬＣ５     

0.1%氧化苦参碱水剂防治菜青虫田间药效试验

田间试验结果表明:0.1%氧化苦参碱水剂80～200mL/667m2剂量,施药后3d防效达94.36～99.27%,药后7d其防效仍达99.08%以上,与对照药剂相比效果明显,适宜施药剂量为150mL/667m2。药后安全性调查表明该药剂对作物安全,适合“无公害”蔬菜生产。     

大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、肠道结构和菌群组成的影响

【目的】 探究大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、肠道结构和菌群组成的影响。【方法】 选择平均体重(BW)为(30.03±0.23)g的1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡216只, 随机分为3组, 每组6个重复, 每个重复12只, 分别饲喂以下3种饲粮: 基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+1%大麦虫粉及基础饲粮+3%大麦虫粉。各组饲粮营养水平相同, 试验期为63 d。分别统计21、42和63日龄各处理各阶段的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、体重(BW)、料重比(F/G)和死淘率。试验鸡于63日龄屠宰, 取十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织用于测量肠段长度和肠道结构, 取回肠中段内容物和盲肠内容物用于菌群组成分析。【结果】 与对照组相比, 1~21日龄ADG及21日龄BW、ADFI、料重比和死淘率均无显著性差异(P>0.05);22~42日龄, 1%和3%大麦虫粉组ADG和42日龄BW均显著增加(P<0.05), 料重比显著降低(P<0.05);43~63日龄, 1%大麦虫粉组63日龄BW显著增加(P<0.05), 3%大麦虫粉组ADFI显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 21日龄时, 1%和3%大麦虫粉组盲肠长度均显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄时, 3%大麦虫粉组十二指肠长度显著增加(P<0.05);63日龄时, 各处理组十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠长度差异均不显著(P>0.05), 且1%大麦虫组十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒隐比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。肠道微生物菌群组成上, 对照组和1%大麦虫粉组回肠中优势菌群依次是乳杆菌属、罗氏杆菌属和拟杆菌属, 盲肠中优势菌属依次是拟杆菌属、Alistipes属和乳杆菌属; 与对照组相比, 1%大麦虫粉组回肠中乳杆菌属、拟杆菌属和Alistipes属比例上升, 罗氏杆菌属下降; 1%大麦虫粉组盲肠中拟杆菌属和Alistipes属比例上升, 乳杆菌属和罗氏杆菌属下降。【结论】 添加适量大麦虫粉能够改善黄羽肉鸡的生产性能和消化道发育, 其具有调控肠道微生物菌群组成和抑菌作用。     

Short-term cast immobilisation is effective in reducing lesion propagation in a surgical model of equine superficial digital flexor tendon injury

Reasons for performing the study: Larger superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injuries have a poorer prognosis than smaller lesions. During the inflammatory phase enlargement of the initial lesion is frequently noted, with biomechanical loading being recently proposed to play an important role. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of lower limb cast immobilisation on tendon lesion propagation in an equine model of surgically induced SDFT injury. Methods: Core lesions were surgically induced in both front SDFTs of 6 young mature horses. At the end of surgery, one leg was randomly placed in a lower limb cast and the other leg (control) was bandaged for 10 days. Computerised ultrasonographic tissue characterisation performed at Days 10, 15, 21, 28, 35 and 42 allowed measurement of lesion length (cm) and width (expressed as a percentage of whole tendon cross‐section). On Day 42 horses were subjected to euthanasia and both SDFTs were sectioned every centimetre to assess the lesion length macroscopically. Statistics were performed to compare cast vs. control legs with significance set at P<0.05. Results: When all time points were combined, lesion length was 19% shorter (P<0.0001) and lesion width 57% smaller (P = 0.0002) in the cast legs (6.13 ± 0.12 cm; 6.90 ± 0.64%) than in the control legs (7.30 ± 0.21 cm; 10.85 ± 1.22%). On Day 42 the lesion length on macroscopic evaluation was 19% shorter (P = 0.04) in the cast (7.00 ± 0.36 cm) than in the control legs (8.33 ± 0.33 cm). Conclusions: Cast immobilisation for 10 days effectively reduced lesion propagation (length and width) compared to bandaging in an in vivo model of artificially‐induced tendon lesions. Potential relevance: A short period of cast immobilisation during the early phase of tendon healing may be an easy and cost‐effective way to reduce the initial enlargement of lesion size and hence to improve prognosis.     

藏羊心脏左冠状动脉的观察

采用ＡＢＳ乙酸乙酯液血管铸型法观察了２０例藏羊心脏的左冠状动脉，结果如下：左冠状动脉起自主动脉球的左后窦，至冠状沟分为圆锥旁室间支和旋支。圆锥旁室间支分出左心室前支、右心室前支、室间隔动脉和细小的室间隔前动脉。其中左心室前支和右心室前支分布于左右心室前部；室间隔动脉分布于室间隔；室间隔前动脉分布于室间隔前部；旋支分出左室前支、左缘支、后缘支、左室后支，右降支和左房前、中、后支，分布于左心室、窦下室间沟和左心房。右降支分出２一８条细小的室间隔后动脉分布于室间隔后部。     

阿力佳注射液对犬蠕形螨病的治疗效果

采用阿力佳注射液对犬蠕形螨病进行治疗，两次给药取得了97％的治愈率，而一次给药治愈率仅为47％，并且两次给药明显缩短了治愈时间。     

Corrosion casting in anatomy: Visualizing the architecture of hollow structures and surface details

Corrosion casting is the technique by which a solid, negative replica is created from a hollow anatomical structure and liberated from its surrounding tissues. For centuries, different types of hardening substances have been developed to create such casts, but nowadays, thermosetting polymers are mostly used as casting medium. Although the principle and initial set‐up are relatively easy, producing high‐quality casts that serve their intended purpose can be quite challenging. This paper evaluates some of the more popular casting resins that are currently available and provides a step‐by‐step overview of the corrosion casting procedure, including surface casts of anatomical structures. Hurdles and pitfalls are discussed, along with possible solutions to circumvent them, based on personal experience by the authors.     

不同孕育剂对缸体用灰铸铁加工性能的影响

研究了几种孕育剂对缸体用灰铸铁力学性能、壁厚敏感性和加工性能的影响。试验结果表明,孕育处理的铸件中,经稀土孕育剂处理的灰铸铁的抗拉强度可稳定在300 MPa左右,并且具有良好的品质系数。锶孕育剂处理的缸体用灰铸铁具有优良的切削加工性能和小断面敏感性。     

Destabilization of soil during the production of earthworm (Lumbricidae) and artificial casts

The mechanisms by which soil is destabilized in the digestive tract of endogéic earthworms were investigated with artificial casts, which were moulded with a syringe from slurries of a silty loam with or without gypsum and organic matter treatments, and compared to casts produced by Aporrectodea rosea (Lumbricidae). Both types of casts generally had the same levels of mechanical dispersion, observations of slaking, and particle size distribution when the casts were fresh, aged-moist for 30 days, or air-dried. Fresh casts were significantly more dispersive than the uningested soil despite the addition of gypsum or organic matter to the soil. However, the dispersion from aged-moist or air-dried casts was not substantially greater than that of uningested soil. Air-drying was more effective than moist-ageing in increasing the stability of casts and uningested soil. The concentration of soluble carbohydrate was greater in artificial casts produced from soil treated with sheep dung or xanthan gum, and in earthworm casts produced from soil treated with xanthan, than in the uningested soil of the same treatments. An increase in the concentration of soluble carbohydrate was related to an increase in dispersion. An attempt was made to simulate the addition of mucus to soil in the digestive tract of earthworms, by the addition of sucrose or xanthan gum to the slurry during the production of artificial casts. The addition of xanthan, but not sucrose, to the slurry increased mechanical dispersion relative to that of the uningested soil in the fresh treatment. Although the production of artificial casts destabilized soil to the same degree as earthworm casts, the artificial casts did not simulate all chemical, biochemical, and microbiological aspects of digestion. Received: 24 November 1995