基于GPRS的土壤风蚀实时监测系统研制与测试

为克服野外观测和风洞测试的缺点与不足,提高观测数据的连续性、科学性与可靠性。该文综合无线传感网络技术、传感器技术、电子技术和网络通信技术,研制了热敏式风速传感器、分流对冲式风沙分离器和具有无线组网与自动数据采集处理功能的近地表风速廓线仪和多通道集沙仪,建立了基于GPRS网络的土壤风蚀监测系统,实现了被测区域环境温度、相对湿度、大气压力、近地表风速廓线和风沙流结构等参数的同步采集、实时处理和远程监测等功能。试验结果表明:风速传感器输出电压在0.3～4.3 V之间,响应时间小于3 s,有效测量范围在0～17 m/s,测量精度随风速增大而降低,在6和17 m/s风速下的测量精度分别为0.1和0.3 m/s;风沙分离器的降速效率和风沙分离效率分别在96%和99.8%以上,平均等动力性≥92%;称量系统有效测量范围在0～170 g,精度达0.01 g,短期静态误差和长期累积误差分别不超过±0.02 g和±0.04 g;9、12、15和18 m/s风速下的平均集沙效率达91.98%;无线通信建立时间≤5 s,中心汇聚节点可在3 s内实现一次节点遍历和数据汇聚,有效传输距离达140 m以上;风速廓线节点和集沙仪节点单次最大工作时长不低于6和22 h。在野外试验条件下,系统软硬件部分均运行稳定可靠,自组网数据传输的丢包率和错误次数为0,环境温度、相对湿度和大气压力的偏差分别小于2℃、4%和10 hPa;测得的近地表风速廓线与风沙流结构均符合指数分布规律,满足大尺度、跨区域野外土壤风蚀同步研究的需求。     

Factors determining the adoption of laser land leveling in the irrigated rice–wheat system in Haryana,India

Laser land leveling has been increasingly adopted in the irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in the state of Haryana (India), located in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Still, many farmers have applied it to only a fraction of their land. In this study, we used data collected from 621 farm households in Haryana and applied a double-hurdle model for assessing the factors that determine the adoption and intensity of laser-leveling technology. The results show that large land holders are more likely to laser level their farm land; however, we found a negative association between land holdings and the proportion of laser-leveled land. Information about technology through farmer-to-farmer communication and through private traders, participation in agricultural training and membership in local agricultural institutions increased both the likelihood and the intensity of adoption. Our findings call for a closer collaboration among the various stakeholders, specifically to promote farmer-to-farmer communication through increased participation in local institutions and increase the rate of adoption of laser leveling technology.     

Using webinars to extend the reach of soil learning in New South Wales: A first look

Increasingly knowledge is shared using new web‐based channels. The use of these channels is relatively new in the realm of soil science. However, they may prove to be very useful for connecting time‐poor, geographically dispersed audiences in an efficient and cost‐effective way. There has been limited study of this form of knowledge sharing for natural science (let alone soil science). In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, the NSW Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) has coordinated the Soil Network of Knowledge (SNoK) monthly webinar over 3 years, with over 40 webinars targeting an audience of next users of soil information. Aggregated data collected from these webinars indicated that the majority of information is used for professional development by participants. Whether this will eventually lead to on‐ground practice change because of the improved professional and technical knowledge of participants is still a moot point and will require further investigation over time. The information collected on attendance and participation showed that webinars are a good way to connect with some target audiences such as other government bodies that have a historical relationship with NSW DPI. However, other target audiences that NSW DPI has always found difficulty in engaging, such as private advisers, require more active overtures to drive participation. The growing subscriber base is encouraging.     

跨文化交际中英汉礼貌用语对比研究

本文从文化价值维度中的集体主义/个人主义、权力距离两方面分析英汉礼貌用语,探究语言与文化内涵的关系。通过研究,不仅可以看出中国和英语国家的个人主义/集体主义价值取向的不同,同时他们的权力距离也有高低之分。对礼貌用语进行文化价值维度解读,能帮助人们了解礼貌用语所反映的文化内涵,为各国的跨文化交际提供借鉴。     

So much for the city: Urban–rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird

Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication in songbirds. The temporal and structural components of songs can vary in different habitats. These include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds and alteration of habitat structure can significantly affect songbird vocal behavior. Urban–rural variations in song complexity, song length and syllable rate are not fully understood. In this study, using the oriental magpie‐robin (Copsychus saularis) as a model, we investigated urban–rural variation in song complexity, song length, syllable rate, syllable length and inter‐syllable interval. Comparing urban and rural songs from 7 countries across its natural Asiatic range (Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand), we found no significant differences in oriental magpie‐robin song complexity. However, we found significant differences in temporal song variables between urban and rural sites. Longer songs and inter‐syllable intervals in addition to slower syllable rates within urban sites contributed the most to this variance. This indicates that the urban environment may have driven production of longer and slower songs to maximize efficient transmission of important song information in urban habitats.     

公路经济发展对农业产业化经营的推动意义

在促进农村经济发展的方略中,农业产业化与道路交通是相互影响、相互作用的两个方面。农村公路建设与农业产业化的协调发展需要建立农业产业化利益分配机制,选择一条适合我国农村现状的产业化发展道路,强化城乡公路的综合功能,建立科学、合理的公路体系。     

半导体光放大器的原理及应用分析

半导体光放大器的主要特点是：它由有源区和无源区构成,其放大原理主要取决于有源层的介质特性和激光腔的特性.半导体光放大器可用作线性放大器、波长转换器、光开关和再生器等等.     

基于移动通信网络的农业移动机器人遥操作研究

以农业移动机器人为研究对象,首先介绍了基于移动通信网络的遥操作技术,并基于ARM嵌入式技术,设计了农业移动机器人硬件方案,并从硬件和软件两方面设计实现了该系统.实验结果表明:该系统能够出色地完成任务,满足了预期的效果,具有一定的稳定性和可靠性.     

基于NRF24E1无线奶牛体温数据采集系统设计

奶牛体温是衡量奶牛健康状况的重要参数,定时采集奶牛体温对于判断奶牛的健康状况有着重要意义。人们对于数据传输大多采用有线方式,但牛舍环境不便于铺设线缆进行数据传输。为此,本系统利用收发芯片NRF24E1进行设计,实现了奶牛体温数据采集系统与上位机进行无线通信,满足了对奶牛体温数据实时监测的要求,提高了对奶牛体温数据采集的自动性和高效性。通过芯片的选型以及芯片外围电路的改进优化了硬件电路,并且设计了有效的通信协议,防止传输的数据信号产生畸变并具有自动剔除错误信号的能力。该系统对多头奶牛的体温进行了测量,试验表明,本系统具有较高的实用性和可靠性,成本低功耗低,具有良好的应用前景。