Rhizosphere calcareous soil P-extraction at the expense of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids induced by phosphorus deficiency in several plant species

The amount of organic acids in root exudates rapidly increases under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Loss of carbon from root-exuded organic acids, which are derived from plant net photosynthetic products, is generally considered negligible. The present study aimed to study the characteristics of root-exuded organic acids, extraction of phosphorus (P extraction) in calcareous soil and the expression of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids in two woody Moraceae plants (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent and Morus alba L.) and two herbaceous cruciferous plants (Orychophragmus violaceus L. Schulz and Brassica napus L.) under two P levels (P-normal and P-deficient). P extraction and the amount of root-exuded organic acids simultaneously and disproportionately increased in the four plant species tested under P deficiency. The maximum P-extracting capability of the four plant species was observed after 40 days of treatment. Additionally, the response of root-exuded organic acids induced by P deficiency was species-specific. B. papyrifera extracted more P in calcareous soil, and expended less organic acid for the same P-extraction than M. alba. Similarly, O. violaceus extracted more P in calcareous soil, and consumed less organic acid for the same level of P-extraction than B. napus. Root-exuded oxalic and malic acids accounted for most of the increment of P extraction in woody Moraceae plants, while root-exuded citric acid accounted for most of the increment in P extraction in herbaceous cruciferous plants. B. papyrifera and O. violaceus exhibited the strongest P-extracting capability at lower expense of organic carbon over the treatment duration in the four plant species. O. violaceus had the most rapid response of root-exuded organic acids to P deficiency, while B. napus had the slowest response. Thus, rapid response with low organic carbon cost and high efficiency of extraction on P in calcareous soil may underlie the strong adaptability of B. papyrifera and O. violaceus to a Karst environment.     

农村落实“三严三实”与践行社会主义核心价值观研究

“三严三实”思想内容丰富，对我国各级领导干部的作风与工作提出了更新的要求，要真正的为人民谋福利，必须要深刻发扬出党的优良作风，“三严三实”的思想与践行社会主义核心价值观有着密切的关系，两者的本质是有机统一的，同时，落实“三严三实”的思想是践行社会主义核心价值观的一项需求。文章主要针对现阶段广大农村落实“三严三实”与践行社会主义核心价值观核心构建的关系与具体途径进行分析。     

我国特大城市建成区土地集约利用研究

运用因子分析法对我国16个特大城市建成区的土地集约利用水平进行综合评价和排序.结果表明：我国特大城市建成区土地集约利用效率呈现总体水平偏低、地区差异明显及各大城市影响因素侧重点不同等3大特征.因此,需合理调整各大城市产业结构,以促进城市经济可持续发展;积极开展城市土地整理,以提高土地利用效率;加大城市生态环境保护力度,以优化土地利用生态效益.     

Anthropogenic effects on the physical and chemical properties of subtropical coastal urban soils

We investigated the effects of various anthropogenic factors on urban soil properties in subtropical, coastal Tampa, FL, USA. Specifically, we explored the influence of (i) urbanization as measured by land use, land cover, population density and years since urban development and (ii) socioeconomic conditions as reflected in household income and property values on bulk density (BD) and several key soil chemical properties. Results indicate that Tampa’s urban soils were affected to varying degrees by these factors with chemical properties being more variable than BD. Across land uses significant differences were found for Mehlich‐1 (M1) extractable P, Ca and Na. A similar trend was observed for land‐cover classes, although significant differences were also found for pH and M1‐Cu. Soil properties had no statistically significant relationship with population density. However, time since urbanization did with M1‐P and Na varying significantly across age categories. For our socioeconomic analyses, M1‐K and Mg levels differed significantly by household income while pH, P, Ca and Na values differed significantly by property value. Overall, our findings indicate that despite their inherent heterogeneity, there are identifiable patterns among subtropical coastal urban soil properties. We suggest that a more thorough understanding of these patterns and their drivers is an essential first step towards developing soil management strategies aimed at maintaining environmental quality and ecosystem services in subtropical cities.     

加强林业基层推广工作存在的瓶颈与对策

通过对林业基层推广工作的分析,探讨林业基层推广工作存在的包括推广方式、劳动力、经费等方面存在的瓶颈,并针对存在的问题提出解决策略。     

Content and distribution of lithium in La Pampa soils (Argentina)

Abstract

Extractable li with ammonium acetate was determined by flamephotometry, in normal soils, alkaline soils and saline soils in the Province of La Pampa (Argentina).

The soils were originated from differents parent material, with various rainfalls (arid to subhumid climate) and management.

The higher contents were found in saline soils. In the other soils the extractable lithium content depends on the parent material, but not on rainfall.

Different patterns of vertical and horizontal distribution of extractable lithium were found.

The origin of extractable lithium is here discussed.     

林用绞盘机的使用与维修

对两种林用绞盘机的结构、性能、使用和保养方法进行了深入研究，其中的使用和保养方法是多年生产实践经验的总结，对正确使用和保养林用绞盘机有重要的指导作用，同时对提高林用绞盘机的使用寿命也有一定的参考价值。     

Maize Hybrid Variability for Transpiration Decrease with Progressive Soil Drying

Drought is ubiquitous in rainfed cropping systems and often limits maize yields. The sensitivity of transpiration response early in progressive soil drying is a trait with potential to improve crop drought resistance. Simulation studies demonstrated that increased sensitivity to drying soil leading to restricted transpiration rates results in conservation of soil water during vegetative stages for possible use during grain filling. In contrast to other crops, there have been no studies characterizing genotypic variability for this trait in maize. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted to characterize the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) threshold on drying soil for 36 hybrids selected for variation in the field for drought resistance, regions of adaptation and stay green. While FTSW thresholds varied among hybrids from 0.60 to 0.33, these thresholds were not uniformly associated with level of drought resistance in the field. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated a high FTSW threshold corresponded with drought resistance observed in some modern maize germplasm (hybrids #7, 17, 24, 27 and 32). This knowledge can enable breeding work seeking to exploit this adaptive trait to improved drought tolerance in low threshold FTSW germplasm.     

Boron Fertilization in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in an Inceptisol of West Bengal,India

This study is a synthesis of information on growth, yield, and boron-use efficiency of hybrid sunflower (cultivar Aditya) in an inceptisol (Gangetic alluvium) of West Bengal, India, under varied proportions of soil and foliar-applied boron. Foliar spray of boron (B), under all circumstances, performed better than soil application of B fertilizers with regard to sunflower seed and total dry-matter yield, B uptake, and B-use efficiencies, while 0.2 percent foliar B spray was associated with greatest B recoveries, B-use efficiencies, and sunflower seed yields in the experimental years.     

农药复合配制使用效果

介绍农药复合配制的方法,并进行药效试验,为推广使用提供依据.