论野火的三属性

野火泛指发生于野外植被中的火、归纳发现有３个基本属性,自然性,灾害性和工具性,对这３个属性进行明确的定义和认识,有助于理解野火的意义,为研究和生产奠定科学系统的理论基础。自然属性一是指其自然存在、二是指其对自然界有影响,三是指其他受其他自然因子制约。灾是自然界不可控事件造成的超越一定程度界线的损失。灾害属性即经济属性。每一次火都造成巨大的经济损失,包括林资源和草资源预防和扑救开始。工具是指可以拿来     

基于Logistic和GWR Logistic的雷州半岛野火驱动因素的分析

利用全局Logistic和地理加权Logistic回归模型,分析了2001—2018年中国雷州半岛热带野火的空间分布和驱动因素。结果表明：2001—2018年雷州半岛野火的总体分布是空间聚集的。雷州半岛野火的驱动因子具有明显的空间差异,GWLR模型更好地解释了这种关系;该地区野火主要是由气象因素驱动的,特别是气温日较差和降雨量驱动的;此外,雷州的野火更多地是由人类活动驱动的,尤其是对农田的管理。本研究可为区域火灾管理战略的制定提供参考。     

Landscape characteristics of disturbed shrubsteppe habitats in southwestern Idaho (U.S.A.)

We compared 5 zones in shrubsteppe habitats of southwestern Idaho to determine the effect of differing disturbance combinations on landscapes that once shared historically similar disturbance regimes. The primary consequence of agriculture, wildfires, and extensive fires ignited by the military during training activities was loss of native shrubs from the landscape. Agriculture created large square blocks on the landscape, and the landscape contained fewer small patches and more large shrub patches than non-agricultural areas. In contrast, fires left a more fragmented landscape. Repeated fires did not change the distribution of patch sizes, but decreased the total area of remaining shrublands and increased the distance between remaining shrub patches that provide seed sources. Military training with tracked vehicles was associated with a landscape characterized by small, closely spaced, shrub patches.Our results support the general model hypothesized for conversion of shrublands to annual grasslands by disturbance. Larger shrub patches in our region, historically resistant to fire spread and large-scale fires because of a perennial bunchgrass understory, were more fragmented than small patches. Presence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), an exotic annual, was positively related to landscape patchiness and negatively related to number of shrub cells. Thus, cheatgrass dominance can contribute to further fragmentation and loss of the shrub patch by facilitating spread of subsequent fires, carried by continuous fuels, through the patch. The synergistic processes of fragmentation of shrub patches by disturbance, invasion and subsequent dominance by exotic annuals, and fire are converting shrubsteppe in southwestern Idaho to a new state dominated by exotic annual grasslands and high fire frequencies.     

不同烟草品种对云南烟草野火病菌的抗性鉴定*

 采用采自云南省不同地点、不同生理小种的24株烟草野火病菌对24个不同烟草品种及两个野生种黄花烟和长花烟进行抗病性鉴定分析。结果表明,不同抗性品种对不同生理小种的抗性反应差异显著,根据接种后不同烟草品种的形成的病斑直径,将其划分为4个等级：高抗、中抗、中感、高感。辽烟15,G28对于烟草野火病菌0,1号生理小种均表现为高感,而云南省大面积栽培的K326、红花大金元、云烟87等对于两个生理小种均表现为中感,而两个野生种黄花烟和长花烟均表现为高抗,可以作为烟草野火病抗性育种优先利用的种质资源。     

Introduction: Working Forests in the Tropics: Policy and Market Impacts on Conservation and Management

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the active participation and support of local people, national governments, and the international community as a whole are essential to effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This development strategy ensures that socioeconomic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

防治烟草野火病拮抗细菌菌株的筛选

从多种植株根际土壤中和烟草叶面分离到188个细菌分离物,室内抑菌圈法测定抑菌效果,温室测定防效,结果筛选出有明显抑菌作用的菌株21个,温室采用高压喷雾接种烟草野火病菌株,普通喷雾接种生防菌菌株,建立了以病斑减轻率和病斑扩展抑制率2个指标的活体筛选方法,温室防效试验筛选出防效较好的菌株6个,其中2e,1010D防效较好,其次为C3和3g。病斑减轻率为58％～91％,病斑扩展抑制率为56．58％～78．08％。这为生产上防治烟草野火病提供了新思路。