兴安盟春玉米生产现状及生态气候应对措施

在深入基层调查和多年实践经验基础上,总结了兴安盟玉米生产中存在的主要问题,并提出了应对措施。结果认为,兴安盟玉米生产中存在的主要问题是没有充分利用气候资源实现高产稳产,玉米越区种植和浪费热量资源问题突出,并提出了合理利用气候资源趋利避害的应对措施和建议,对稳定兴安盟玉米单产、提高玉米总产具有重要意义。     

桔梗种质资源的RAPD分析

利用25个随机引物对56份来自不同国家和地区的桔梗种质资源进行RAPD分析,共扩增出212条带,其中104条多态性带,其多态率为49.05%。用UPMGA法建立了56份桔梗种质资源的亲缘关系树状图,以遗传距离0.1375为标准将56份种质资源分为8大类群。结果表明:56份种质资源的聚类结果与地理分布几乎一致。     

红豆杉属植物资源的研究现状与开发利用对策

对珍稀药用资源植物红豆杉属的分类、种分布、主要化学成分及药理学作用的国内外研究现状进行归纳分析,对红豆杉属植物资源开发利用过程中遇到的问题以及可能的解决方案进行讨论。目前全球共发现和鉴定红豆杉属11个种,从中分离鉴定出三大类即巴卡亭Ⅲ及其他紫杉烷类物质、紫杉黄酮和红豆杉多糖等共500余种化学成分。对红豆杉属植物的药理学研究发现,其具有显著的防癌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、清除自由基、调节心血管系统、抗炎、抗衰老等药理学作用。红豆杉属植物开发利用过程中存在种群遗传多样性保护与生物资源减少、红豆杉属植物资源分布地域性与次生代谢多样性、新结构物质发现与药理学作用机制研究相互脱节等问题。提出引种驯化与构建红豆杉属植物种质资源库、建设红豆杉属高质原料标准化生产技术体系、依托现代科技手段构建红豆杉属植物高效利用的技术平台等对策。     

野生大豆生物学特性及应用探讨

介绍了野生大豆的生物学特性,并探讨了野生大豆在饲料及药用作物上的应用价值。阐述了利用野生大豆所取得的成果,并对野生大豆资源的进一步利用作出了展望。     

Growth and photosynthetic responses of invasive Bidens frondosa to light and water availability: A comparison with invasive and native congeners

Bidens frondosa is a new invasive species in China. However, the mechanisms underlying its invasiveness are still not understood. This study compared the new invader with its invasive congener, Bidens pilosa, and two native congeners, Bidens biternata and Bidens tripartita, in terms of their morphology, growth, biomass allocation and photosynthetic parameters across variant light and water conditions, aiming to explore the traits that are associated with the invasiveness of the invasive species. All these species are annual herbs. The results showed that the four congeners had a similar tendency of plasticity in their morphological and growth traits to varying light and water, but their response was quantitatively different. Most of the morphological and growing variables, as well as the photosynthetic parameters, were affected more strongly by manipulated light levels. Although B. frondosa had a lower total biomass and relative growth rate than the invasive congener, B. pilosa, the trait values related to growth (e.g. plant height, total biomass, relative growth rate and specific leaf area) and the mean value of the plasticity index were higher for the invasive B. frondosa than for the native B. tripartita. These could contribute to the invasiveness of the invasive species. In addition, the native species, B. biternata, is a vigorous weed with a strong adaptive capacity across various light and water gradients, suggesting that it has the potential to be invasive if introduced into areas with suitable conditions for growth.     

Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan

In Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. In the present study, nationwide surveillance of HEV infection among a total of 5,557 wild animals, including 15 species, was conducted in Japan. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar was 12.4%, with higher positive rates in big boars (over 50 kg, 18.4%) than in small individuals (less than 30 kg, 5.3%). Furthermore, HEV RNA was more frequently detected in piglets than in older boars. Interestingly, the detection of HEV among wildlife by ELISA and RT-PCR suggested that HEV infection in Sika deer was a very rare event, and that there was no HEV infection among wild animals except for wild boar, Sika deer and Japanese monkeys. In conclusion, wild boar, especially piglets, are at high risk of HEV infection, while other wild animals showed less risk or no risk of HEV transmission.     

区域土地资源可持续利用评价指标体系的研究

从土地利用系统的角度,分析土地资源可持续利用的标准.构建了区域土地资源可持续利用指标体系的基本框架,其指标体系包括目标层、准则层、分目标层、指标层4个层次,并对各指标层进行说明。     

略论高校图书馆与院系资料室的共建共享

通过对高校图书馆与院系资料室关系的思考,分析了高校资源共享的必要性,在当前网络环境下,应如何改变现状,充分利用校园网,实行图书馆、资料室一体化管理,统一行政领导,统一管理,建立一个以图书馆为中心,实现校园文献资源共建共享.     

浙江沿岸的贝类资源及其增养殖

我国拥有1 512 300 hm² 沿海滩涂,而滩涂贝类是潮间带滩涂的优势种类,具有生长快、适应性强、环境友好等诸多优点,因此发展滩涂贝类养殖空间广阔、条件优越、潜力巨大。浙江滩涂贝类养殖历史悠久,在养殖技术与模式、人工采苗与育苗、大规格苗种培育、新品种培育等方面具有明显特色和优势,同时在种业科技创新与发展方面面临巨大挑战。本文综述了浙江滩涂贝类养殖产业、苗种生产技术、种质创新与良种创制的历史与现状,围绕经济性状精准测评、育种技术创新、优质抗逆新品种培育、高效扩繁关键技术和装备研发、种业体系建设等方面,提出了未来特别是“十四五”期间滩涂养殖贝类良种创制与种业发展的重点任务。     

黑龙江省晚熟谷子种质资源的灰色关联度分析及综合评价

采用灰色关联度分析法对17个谷子品系的7个农艺性状进行综合评价,结果表明:品系96-9207、009-342、94-9071综合表现最好,等权关联度与加权关联度的分析结果基本一致。不同农艺性状对单株粒重的关联度不同,6个农艺性状与穗粒重的关联度排序为:穗重生物产量节数株高穗长千粒重。