Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育及应用

阐述了质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育经过,总结了其特征特性,并分析了其应用成效,以供参考。     

日粮中添加β-胡萝卜素对牦牛皮下脂肪颜色及组织中维生素A含量的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平β-胡萝卜素（β-C）对牦牛皮下脂肪颜色及组织维生素A含量的影响。试验选取12头2~3岁牦牛为研究对象，随机分为4个组，每组3个重复。各处理组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0（对照）、720（低剂量）、1 440（中剂量）、1 620 mg/d（高剂量）β-C，饲养90 d后，分别测定牦牛脂肪、肌肉色度、背膘厚度及不同组织中β-C和代谢产物维生素A的含量，结果表明：日粮中添加不同水平β-C，牦牛背部、胸部脂肪及半腱肌的黄度值（b^*）显著高于对照组（P<0.05），亮度值（L^*）和红度值（a^*）没有显著变化（P>0.05）；牦牛背膘厚度在中剂量组达到最大值；对照组牦牛血清中β-C及维生素A含量显著低于各试验组（P<0.05），且维生素A含量随β-C添加量的上升呈上升趋势（P<0.05）；牦牛皮下脂肪、腹腔脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及空肠等组织器官中β-C含量在中剂量组均达到最大值，除肝脏中维生素A含量较高外，其他组织中维生素A含量在各处理组间差异不显著（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮添加β-C影响牦牛皮下脂肪颜色，且在中剂量组牦牛皮下脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏及空肠等组织器官中β-C含量达到最大值，故推荐其最佳摄入量为1 440 mg/d；在日粮中添加β-C影响牦牛肝脏和血清中维生素A含量，对其余组织器官中维生素A含量没有影响。     

维生素A调节动物一氧化氮的生成及其相关机制

动物机体由于旺盛的新陈代谢或在受到外界有害因素刺激的情况下会产生大量一氧化氮(NO),进而损伤细胞中的蛋白质、类脂膜和DNA,引发细胞炎症并阻断细胞信号通路,使机体产生氧化应激。维生素A可以有效地调控NO的生成,提高机体抗氧化水平并清除自由基,预防细胞炎症及氧化应激的发生。本文主要综述了维生素A对动物NO生成的调节作用及其相关机理的研究进展,对今后深入研究其调节机理、科学补充维生素A及提高机体的抗氧化功能具有一定参考价值。     

荞麦新品种六苦荞4号的选育及栽培管理技术

为选育出适宜贵州种植的高产、优质荞麦新品种,以云南滇宁1号苦荞为亲本,采用系统选择法选育出六苦荞4号荞麦新品种。在贵州省2012—2013年荞麦区域试验中,2年平均产量125.4kg/667m2,较对照九江苦荞增产13.8%,居参试品种第一位,2年13点次中有10个点增产,增产点率为76.9%,2015年6月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:黔审荞2015002号)。     

三岔子林区黄檗野生种群资源状况的调查与分析

以吉林省三岔子林业局不同林龄的林分为对象,调查与分析黄檗野生种群的资源状况,结果表明:单位面积活立木平均株数在幼龄林林分中占12.3%,在中龄林中占3.8%,在成过熟林中占2.6%,3个龄组林分的平均株数比例为6.2%;单位面积活立木平均蓄积在幼龄林林分中占7.3%,在中龄林中占2.4%,在成过熟林中占1.3%,3个龄组林分的平均蓄积比例为3.7%。     

Soil organic carbon stock variability in the Northern Gangetic Plains of India: interaction between agro‐ecological characteristics and cropping systems

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial distribution in the Northern Gangetic Plain (NGP) Zone of India were determined to establish the cause–effect relationship between agro‐ecological characteristics, prevailing crop management practices and SOC stock. Area Spread Index (ASI) approach was used to collect soil samples from the NGP areas supporting predominant cropping systems. Exponential ordinary kriging was found most suitable geo‐statistical model for developing SOC surface maps of the NGP. Predicted surface maps indicated that 43.7% area of NGP had 0.5–0.6% SOC, while the rest of the area was equally distributed with high (0.61–0.75%) and low (< 0.5%) SOC content levels. Averaged across cropping systems, maximum SOC content was recorded in Bhabar and Tarai Zone (BTZ), followed by Central Plain Zone (CPZ), Mid‐Western Plain Zone (MWPZ), Western Plain Zone (WPZ) and South‐Western Plain Zone (SWPZ) of the NGP. The SOC stock was above the optimum threshold (> 12.5 Mg/ha) in 97.8, 57.6 and 46.4% areas of BTZ, CPZ and MWPZ, respectively. Only 9.8 and 0.4% area of WPZ and SWPZ, respectively, had SOC stock above the threshold value. The variation in SOC stock was attributed largely to carbon addition through recycling of organic sources, cropping systems, tillage intensity, crop or residue cover and land‐use efficiency, nutrient‐use pattern, soil texture and prevailing ecosystem. Adoption of conservation agriculture, balanced use of nutrients, inclusion of legumes in cropping systems and agro‐forestry were suggested for enhancing SOC stock in the region.     

高粱光敏色素A基因的克隆、蛋白结构与长短日照诱导表达模式

光敏色素是一类红光/远红光受体,对植物光形态建成、外部形态和生理功能等方面起着重要的调节作用。为明晰光敏色素A在调控高粱光形态建成发育过程中的作用,本研究比较分析光温敏感程度不同的高粱品种Btx623、Rio、Tx430和LH645的PhyA基因序列和PHYA蛋白的保守结构域,利用qRT-PCR明确长短日照条件处理下PhyA基因的表达模式。结果表明,Btx623、Rio和Tx430之间PhyA基因序列存在非同义突变,LH645在PhyA基因的第7个外显子上插入了5 bp碱基序列;高粱PhyA蛋白中含有1个PAS-2结构域、1个GAF结构域、1个Phytochrome结构域、2个PAS结构域、1个组氨酸激酶A结构域和1个类似组氨酸激酶的ATP激酶结构;遗传进化树分析表明,单子叶和双子叶植物PhyA蛋白明显聚为2大类,高粱PhyA、谷子PhyA和玉米PhyA1、PhyA2聚为一个亚类,相互间亲缘关系较近,与水稻PhyA同源性相对较远;在短日照(SD)条件下各时期PhyA基因转录水平变化显著,Rio PhyA基因转录水平较Btx623和Tx430变化明显,LH645 PhyA基因转录变化不显著,在长日照(LD)条件下Rio PhyA基因转录水平低于Btx623和Tx430,LH645 PhyA基因转录水平变化不显著。以上结果表明,PhyA受光周期诱导,推测其在高粱光形态建成中起重要调控作用。本研究为进一步解析PhyA基因功能及其在调控高粱光形态建成发育过程中的作用提供理论基础。     

无花果新品种‘紫宝’

‘紫宝’是从中国无花果主栽品种‘青皮’中获得的芽变品种。秋果平均横径33.6 mm,纵径35.7 mm,平均单果质量33.4 g;果皮紫色,果肉深红色,可溶性固形物18.5°Brix,果肉松软,果汁量适中,味道香甜,品质优。     

贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子多样性分析

为探讨贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子的多样性,2012-2016年在内蒙古贺兰山南寺和哈拉乌沟两地进行取样,每个样地分别由5人从沟谷入口处进行拉网式调查,共获得4 000余份样品,经过微观形态观察和基因ITS序列比对,鉴定出8目25科69属189种大型真菌,主要对其孢子形态特征、表面特征及长宽比进行分析,得到如下结论:质量性状上,孢子形态特征和表面特征相互独立;数量性状上,大小孢子长宽比、孢子极端比和平均比均具有一致性和关联性,显示孢子数量特征的稳定性;菌种间孢子质量性状和数量性状具有很强的多样性;按照孢子多样性低、中、高分类,贺兰山野生大型真菌物种数分别为152种、26种和11种;孢子多样性分类为大型真菌鉴别、分类提供了基本依据。