兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生和养殖群体脂肪酸及相关血液指标的比较

对3龄、4龄和5龄兴凯湖翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)野生和养殖群体肌肉脂肪含量、脂肪酸含量以及部分血液生化指标进行了分析比较.结果表明:在兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生与养殖群体肌肉中均检测到18种脂肪酸,以油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸为主.野生群体肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二...     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

红枣提取物对虹鳟血清指标和头肾免疫相关基因表达的影响

为了探讨添加红枣提取物对促进虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)机体健康的可能性,选取体长为7.2~8.4 cm的健康虹鳟,随机分成4个试验组,分别投喂红枣提取物添加量为0%(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%和1.00%的等氮等脂饲料,饲养56 d,养殖结束后测定12项血清生化指标和头肾的6个免疫相关基因mRNA表达量。结果显示:与对照组相比较,血清中肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)含量三个红枣提取物组均出现极显著下降;谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性在0.50%和1.00%组极显著下降,谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性也在0.50%和1.00%组出现了一定程度下降,但差异不显著;酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性无显著变化;总蛋白(TP)和白介素6(IL-6)含量在0.25%组出现显著增加;溶菌酶(LZM)活性三个红枣提取物组均显著升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在0.50%组极显著增加;补体4(C4)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量在0.25%和0.50%组均极显著增加。在头肾中,与对照组相比,SOD、白介素1β(IL-1β)和补体3(C3)基因表达量在0.50%和1.00%组均为显著或极显著上调;Factor H基因表达量在0.50%组显著上调;过氧化氢酶(CAT)和LZM基因表达量在0.50%和1.00%组仅出现差异不显著上调。上述结果表明,在虹鳟饲料中添加一定量的红枣提取物,可以起到促进肾功能,保护肝脏和提高其非特异性免疫功能的作用。     

草鱼野生与选育群体遗传变异微卫星分析

为探究经过2个选育世代后选育群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的变化,实验采用多重PCR技术对4个野生草鱼群体(邗江、九江、石首、吴江)和2个选育群体(F1和F2)进行了微卫星序列遗传变异分析。结果显示,6个草鱼群体遗传多样性水平较高,2个选育群体除了平均等位基因数外,其他遗传多样性参数均小于4个野生群体。哈迪—温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)检测显示,在120个群体—位点组合中有62个位点显著偏离哈迪—温伯格平衡,62个群体—位点组合中只有11个组合其近交系数值为负值,其余的51个组合的Fis均为正值。6个草鱼群体AMOVA分析结果显示,3.75%的变异来自于群体间,96.25%的变异来自于群体内,整体的遗传分化指数值为0.038。进一步分析各个群体间Fst,只有石首群体与F1、F2群体之间的Fst大于0.05,处于中等分化,其余群体间分化程度较低,且F2群体与4个野生群体之间Fst比F1群体与4个野生群体之间的Fst大。奈氏标准遗传距离分析结果显示,2个选育群体与野生群体之间的遗传距离大于野生群体之间的遗传距离。基于Dn建立的UPGMA系统发育树得出了相同的结果,即2个选育群体与野生群体之间的亲缘关系比4个野生群体之间的亲缘关系要远。研究表明,经过2个世代选育后,相比4个野生群体,2个选育群体遗传多样性虽有部分下降,但仍处于较高的水平,2个选育群体的遗传结构已发生变化,但其遗传分化程度尚不明显。本研究结果为制定出更加完善有效的选育方案提供了重要参考。     

日本沼虾4种群肌肉营养品质的比较

4个种群日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)于2001年8月分别取自太湖、洪泽湖、广西南宁3地天然水域及浙江德清养殖种群。肌肉营养成分测定结果表明,养殖种群的粗蛋白含量为(15.83±0.32)％(质量分数),显著低于3个野生种群(P<0.05),而粗脂肪质量分数为(1.37±0.02)％显著高于野生种群(P<0.05)。3个野生种群中洪泽湖种群鲜味氨基酸含量最高;但太湖种群粗蛋白含量(17.71±0.38)％最高,必需氨基酸组成最为均衡,且单不饱和脂肪酸总量和多不饱和脂肪酸总量均为最高,分别达25.904％和35.953％。比较得出太湖种群日本沼虾肌肉的营养品质最高,养殖种群最低。     

三种鲤对暴发性鱼病抗病力的差异

本文报道三种鲤对嗜水气单胞菌引起暴发性鱼病的抗病力试验结果。当菌液浓度为６．０×１０￣８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ，采用１０￣０、１０￣（－１）、１０￣（－２）、１０￣（－３）四个稀释度、０．３ｍｌ／尾注射剂量时，建鲤、野鲤和镜鲤的半数致死量（ＬＤ＿（５０））分别为１０￣（－１．３７５）、１０￣（－０．９７６）、１０￣（－０．５６２）。这三种鲤的半数致死量差异显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ＿（０．０５））。从四个方面研究了抗病机理：白细胞吞噬功能和补体替代途径（Ｃ＿３旁路）杀菌能力，镜鲤较强于野鲤和建鲤，但无显著差异（Ｆ＜Ｆ０．０５）；红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量（单位／ｍｌ），是建鲤＞野鲤＞镜鲤，差异极显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ０．０１）。本研究结果还表明建鲤的红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量稍高，但对暴发性鱼病病原（嗜水气单胞菌）较易感染。以上结果证明，不同品系鲤鱼对暴发性鱼病有种内特异性。     

Seasonal Changes in Rigor Development and Flesh Texture of Wild Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicus)

The season for finding the firmest sashimi made from wild Japanese sea bass was investigated. Flesh rigor tension and contraction were measured by a “new” device with isometric (muscle length kept constant) and isotonic (balance beam moves freely) transducers. Both flesh rigor tension and contraction peaks appeared at the same postmortem times, with attainment of ultimate pH and adenosine triphosphate/inosine monophosphate ratio in four seasons. Seasonal seawater temperature correlated negatively to seasonal maximum rigor contraction and positively to seasonal flesh breaking strength at 72 h postmortem. After rigor peak tension attainment, the tension relaxation was much lower than that of other wild fish species, especially in summer. The sea bass muscle resisted structure disruption in rigor isometric tension generation. Wild sea bass sashimi was firmest in breaking strength in summer.     

RAPD分析野生和养殖三角帆蚌的遗传多样性

用150个随机引物对野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析，最终筛选出2．0个引物，分别能扩增出1-10条大小不等的片段，片段长度在500—2000bp之间。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角粤蚌的种内相似系数分别为0．787和0．833，显示野生种群基因组发生的变异较养殖种群大。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌种群间遗传距离为0．054，表明三角帆蚌野生和养殖种群亲缘关系比较接近。     

基于26个微卫星标记的三江水系草鱼遗传多样性分析

选取26个微卫星标记对来自长江(监利、邗江)、黑龙江、珠江3个水系的4个野生草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明,26个微卫星位点均为高度多态位点,草鱼4个地理群体的多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.581 3~0.638 6;共检测出141个等位基因,其中有102个为共有等位基因;每个位点有等位基因2~11个,平均等位基因5.46,平均有效等位基因3.455 6。4个地理群体野生草鱼的平均杂合度在0.711 4~0.804 5之间。群体间遗传固定指数(FST)及AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传分化并不显著(FST=0.031 73)。基于DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,监利群体与邗江群体这两个长江水系野生地理群体聚为一支,然后与珠江群体聚为一支,黑龙江群体单独聚为一支。长江群体是原始群体。综上所述,三江水系野生草鱼具有较高的遗传多样性,4个群体之间遗传分化并不明显。     

Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.