中国野生葡萄醛脱氢酶基因在拟南芥中的过量表达

将质粒pWR306中包含ED35s启动子、Omega元件及TNOS终止子的一段核苷酸序列定向克隆到质粒pCAMBIA1300,构建了植物中间表达载体pWR-II;将重组质粒pGEM-T-ALDH的醛脱氢酶(ALDH)基因片段定向克隆到pWR-II,构建了葡萄ALDH基因的植物过量表达载体pWR-II-ALDH。采用改进冻融法将其导入农杆菌EHA105,采用花序浸蘸法转化拟南芥,获得了潮霉素抗性的转化拟南芥植株。PCR检测证明外源基因已整合进拟南芥基因组,Real-timePCR结果表明ALDH基因在转化植株的表达量远高于野生种。转化植株和野生植株在形态上有一定的差异,说明葡萄ALDH基因在拟南芥中表达对其生长发育有一定影响。     

中国野生葡萄抗黑痘病基因RAPD标记的克隆、序列分析及辅助育种应用

对中国野生葡萄抗黑痘病基因RAPD标记OPS03-1300进行了克隆、测序及序列分析,结果表明该标记实际长度是1354bp,因此更名为OPS03-1354,其GenBank登录号为DQ350885。该标记序列与99条来自欧洲葡萄的EST有同源性,其中与1条来自赤霞珠叶片感染葡萄皮尔斯病病原菌后获得的EST同源性为82%,与2条来自赤霞珠果实在不同发育期获得的EST同源性分别为80%和85%。该序列与1条来自中国野生华东葡萄白河-35-1叶片接种霜霉病病原菌后获得的EST同源性为67%。该序列编码葡萄的一种假定蛋白。此外,应用该标记对中国野生葡萄与欧洲葡萄的种间杂交广西-1×京可晶F1代339株、白河-35-1×佳利酿F2代207株进行了辅助选择。     

接种AM真菌对不同育苗基质中甜椒苗期生长的影响

研究比较普通土、秸秆有机土和草碳蛭石3种育苗基质中接种两种丛枝菌根真菌GM、GV对甜椒苗期生长的影响,结果表明：在营养含量较高的有机土育苗基质中,接种AM真菌对甜椒苗的影响最弱,而在营养水平较低的草碳蛭石无土育苗基质中,接种AM真菌对甜椒苗有显著的促进作用,其中AM真菌在草炭蛭石中对甜椒苗根系的侵染率也最高,而GM的接种效果优于GV。     

白腐菌降解玉米秸秆条件的优化试验

针对白腐菌对木质素的独特降解能力和玉米秸秆在制取燃料乙醇方面的应用,对白腐菌降解玉米秸秆的降解条件进行优化,通过正交实验得出较好的发酵培养基的组成:玉米秸秆为5g,酒石酸铵为1 g/L,pH值为4.5,微量元素的体积为15mL, VB1的质量为100ug, 吐温80的质量浓度为0.01%,最佳诱导剂是二甲苯胺,表面活性剂是吐温80,最佳通气状况是用4层纱布封口.     

Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

盐胁迫对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以3个野生稻品种(系)和常规稻品种吉粳301(CK)为试验材料,研究了不同NaCl浓度对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对野生稻和常规粳稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响不同,NaCl浓度≤0.3%时,盐胁迫对3个野生稻种子发芽及幼苗生长没有影响,但促进吉粳301种子发芽及幼苗生长;NaCl浓度≥0.5%时,随着NaCl浓度的增大,3个野生稻种子发芽率逐渐降低,幼苗的根长、苗长、根冠比逐渐变小;NaCl浓度与3个野生稻种子发芽率有一定的负相关性;NaCl对野生稻幼苗根的抑制作用强于对苗的作用;不同野生稻品种对NaCl溶液的耐受能力不同,从大到小依次为MY-3、延引红、HY-1。     

早春薄皮甜瓜保护地安全高效栽培技术

为了使农业结构调整更加有的放矢,保持济南早春设施甜瓜高效、迅速的发展势头,从品种选择、保护地设施类型、育苗、定植、植株调整、肥水管理、病虫害防治等多方面介绍早春保护地薄皮甜瓜高效栽培技术,希望对提高甜瓜产量和品质以及菜农的经济效益能起到一定的指导作用。     

天山野果林塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌的鉴定

为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。