Effect of NPK Fertilizers and Co-inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Potassium-Mobilizing Bacteria on Growth,Yield, Nutrient Acquisition,and Quality of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

In the present study, the effects of inoculation of biofertilizers (phosphorus-solubilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF), Glomus intraradices, and potassium-mobilizing bacterium (KMB), Frateuria aurantia) in combination with chemical fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) on growth, yield, nutrient acquisition, and quality of tobacco were observed in pot culture. Factorial combinations of biofertilizers (AMF and KMB) and chemical fertilizer (NPK) alone and in combination were applied to see the effects on growth, biomass, nutrient acquisition, and leaf quality in tobacco. Results showed that bioinocula applied either singly or in combination did not significantly enhance soil availability of P and K, indicating their unsuitability for direct application. Application of chemical fertilizer in combination with both AMF and KMB strains consistently increased availability of P and K in the soil, improved leaf quality parameters, and enhanced plant growth and vigor, suggesting the potential use of AMF and KMB as biofertilizers in sustainable tobacco crop production.     

The Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivar Rkatsiteli and Wild Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) from East Serbia by ICP-OES and BAFs

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in combination with calculation of various biological factors, was used in this study not only for a simple illustration of the present status of some essential and non-essential metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the grapevine cultivar Rkatsiteli and wild blackberry from East Serbia but also for the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials. Great majority of detected metal concentrations were in normal ranges except in few cases: Zn concentrations were at the level of deficiency in almost all plant parts, and some Cu and As concentrations were at the levels that could be considered phytotoxic. Biological accumulation factors provided very informative data on metal accumulation and translocation in both plants and pointed to low accumulation rates of metals except in the case of Cu, Zn, and As in some wild blackberry tissues.     

Regulation of mycorrhiza development in durum wheat by P fertilization: Effect on plant nitrogen metabolism

The aim of this work was to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and nitrogen (N) metabolism of durum wheat (Tritcum durum) under various P soil contents. The analyses were extended to macro and micronutrient tissue concentrations, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as protein, aminoacids, pyridine dinucleotides and adenine nucleotides. Arbuscular mycorrhiza increased wheat growth in soil in which P availability was low and nitrate was the dominant N form. The root colonization occurred at the highest level in plants grown in limiting soil P and was inversely related to soil P content. The micorrhizal wheat plants contained also the highest concentrations of macro (P, K, Ca, N) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) as well as free amino acids, protein, NAD, NADP, AMP, ADP, ATP in roots and leaves. In particular, the micronutrient tissue concentrations (Zn, Mn) supported that mycorrhiza actively modulated their uptake limiting interferences and optimizing growth better than the plant roots, like a very efficient “rootstock”. Control plants grown at the highest soil P did not reach the same concentration as the mycorrhizal plants. Nitrate reductase activities in the roots of mycorrhizal plants were higher than in the control ones, while glutamine synthetase activities were highest in the leaves. Protein and amino acids concentrations, as well as AMP, ADP, ATP, NAD(P), and NAD(P)H were also higher than in the control. Among the free amino acids in the roots, the high levels of glutamine, asparagine, arginine, support the view that ammonium was transferred through the arbuscules to the root cells where it was re‐assimilated in the cortical cells, forming high N : C ratio‐amino acids. They were transferred to the leaves where all the other N compounds could be largely synthesized using the carbon skeletons supplied by photosynthesis.     

生物炭对酸化茶园土壤性状和真菌群落结构的影响

为探讨生物炭长期施用对酸化茶园土壤改良和真菌群落结构的影响,分析了按生物炭用量0、2.5、5、10、20、40 t·hm-2施用5年后的茶园土壤性状和真菌群落结构变化.结果表明,施用生物炭5年后的茶园土壤pH提高了0.16～1.11,可溶性有机碳含量提高了52.6％～92.3％,而铵态氮和硝态氮含量以10 t·hm-2...     

转双价棉丛枝菌根真菌侵染率与植株养分含量变化的研究

通过灭菌盆栽接种试验,研究接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus caledonium对转双价(Bt+CpTI)棉和常规棉石远321的侵染率和植株养分含量的影响。结果表明,在观测期间,转双价棉与同源常规棉之间根系丛枝菌根真菌侵染率在同一时期均无显著差异,但植株氮、磷养分含量在一些时期明显不同,其变化随棉花品种、生育期不同而不同。转双价棉苗期根系全氮和蕾期、吐絮期地上部全磷以及苗期、蕾期和花铃期根系全磷含量显著高于常规棉(P<0.05),而蕾期地上部全氮和吐絮期根系全氮显著低于常规棉(P<0.05)。聚类分析表明,丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和植株养分含量变化主要受生长时期的影响,转双价棉种植对其影响是非常有限的。     

基于SSR标记的贵州野生白三叶遗传多样性分析

采用SSR分子标记技术,对贵州22份野生白三叶(Trifolium repens)样品遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行了研究.结果表明,利用20对SSR引物共扩增出202条带,其中169条带具有多态性,多态性位点达83％;根据SSR标记的多态性计算不同采样地野生白三叶样品之间的遗传距离(GD),22份样品之间遗传距离介于0.140 6～0.630 4之间,说明样品间遗传差异较大;聚类分析结果,当相似系数为0.64时,22份白三叶被分成3类:第1类只有W14,表明W14与其余材料的亲缘关系较远;第2类包括W2、W4、W8、W18居群,表明这4个居群相似性较大,遗传距离较近;第3类包括17个居群,居群间有着复杂的遗传关系.研究结果表明,22份贵州野生白三叶的遗传多样性十分丰富.     

濒危东乡野生稻遗传多样性及其生态保护学研究进展

东乡野生稻蕴含大量优异性状和有利基因,是栽培稻遗传改良重要的种质资源。然而“东野”正面临着急剧减少甚至是灭绝的威胁,为此评价并保护现存“东野”的遗传多样性刻不容缓。同时“东野”的多样性研究对解析其遗传进化机理以及在水稻育种上的利用有着重要意义。为此,综述了近年来不同保存方式、不同年份、不同世代以及与其他生态类型野生稻和栽培稻等多个角度有关“东野”遗传多样性及其保护研究成果。通过对存在的相关问题分析,笔者认为应该建立科学统一的遗传多样性评价体系,并提出了“东野”遗传多样性研究前景和生态保护建议。     

肉苁蓉种子带菌检测研究

为研究不同产地肉苁蓉种子携带真菌优势菌群和带菌率的差异,采用平皿法对肉苁蓉种子进行外部（洗涤法和干种子法）、内部（种子消毒法与种仁消毒法）带菌检测。结果表明,肉苁蓉种子携带菌群主要为曲霉属（Aspergillus spp.）、交链孢属（Alternaria spp.）、镰孢属（Fusarium spp.）、青霉属（Penicillium spp.）及少量的散囊菌属（Eurotium spp.）。不同产地肉苁蓉种子携带菌群及带菌率差异不显著,但分离频率有一定差异。研究结果为肉苁蓉种子标准的制定提供参考。     

Effects of AMF inoculation on growth of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings and on soil structures in mycorrhizosphere

We aimed to investigate the effects of inoculating Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by examining the root colonization, plant nutrition uptake, growth characteristics, and soil aggregation of P. ginseng seedlings inoculated at the time of transplantation. At 16 weeks, the AMF spore density per 30 g of fresh mycorrhizosphere in seedlings inoculated with AMF (AMF+ seedlings) was 256.8 and that in seedlings not inoculated with AMF (AMF− seedlings) was 186.3, respectively. The colonization rate of AMF in the lateral roots of AMF+ seedlings was approximately 19% higher than that in the lateral roots of AMF− seedlings. The patterns of AMF colonization in ginseng roots were similar to those of the Paris-type mycorrhizal association. Plant growth characteristics, such as plant height, root length, leaf area, number of lateral roots, fresh weight of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content, were significantly enhanced in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. The macronutrient content (P, K, and Ca) and micronutrient content (Cu, Fe, and Zn) of both shoots and roots were also significantly higher in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. Furthermore, glomalin content and soil aggregation were significantly enhanced in AMF inoculated areas. Our results indicate that AMF inoculation may enhance the growth of ginseng seedlings by improving the uptake of mineral nutrients and the soil structure in mycorrhizosphere.