鹿蹄草内生真菌的生物学特性的研究

对不同季节、不同地区的野生鹿蹄草进行采样,采用表面消毒法及内生真菌选择性培养基,分离菌根中的内生真菌,并通过回接实验筛选能显著促进鹿蹄草生长的高效菌株;通过改变培养时间、培养温度、pH、碳源、氮源等环境条件,研究高效菌株的生物学特性。     

梨汁生产配方的研究

采用L_9(3~3)正交试验研究梨汁的配方,在单因素试验的基础上,确定生产出风味纯正的梨汁的最佳配方为:梨加入量2.5 kg,糖质量分数6.5%,糖水添加量6.0 kg。     

碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋清工艺条件研究

通过单因素和正交试验研究了蛋清稀释程度、pH值、酶解温度及酶与底物比对碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋清的影响,得到最佳的酶解条件为:将蛋清液稀释至60%后变性,按照酶与底物比为2.5:100(mL:g)加入碱性蛋白酶,酶解温度为60℃,反应初始时不调节pH值,待pH值降至7.5时通过加入NaOH使pH值保持在7.5进行酶解。     

施肥对油菜菌核病发生的影响

对5个油菜品种,设氮肥(对照、施氮),磷肥(对照、施磷)和钾肥(对照、施钾)试验,分析了氮磷钾肥对油菜产量和菌核病发生的影响.结果表明,施氮油菜平均增产203.7％,菌核病病情指数平均增加17.7％;施磷油菜平均增产47.2％,菌核病病情指数平均下降31.0％;施钾油菜平均增产30.1％,菌核病病情指数平均下降21.9％.分析认为,施氮因病原菌获得更多的营养物质,以及油菜枝繁叶茂提高田间阴湿度致使油菜病害加重;施磷为油菜抗性生理活动提供了物质基础;施钾通过对植株代谢过程的调控和植物形态学的调节提高了油菜对菌核病的抗性.生产上可以通过调控氮肥施用,合理增施磷钾肥,达到既提高油菜产量又有效减轻菌核病危害的目的.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

甘蔗赤腐病菌生物学特性研究

对采集的甘蔗赤腐病典型病叶进行了病原菌的分离与鉴定,进而对该病菌进行了致病性及基础生物学特性测试.结果表明:甘蔗赤腐病由Colletotrichum falcatum引起;生物学特性结果表明,该菌在燕麦片和Richards培养基生长最好;菌丝体生长最适温度为25 ～30℃;适宜pH 6～8;而光照条件对病原菌的生长影响并不明显:该菌分生孢子的致死温度为60℃,10 min.本研究为甘蔗赤腐病的合理预测和科学防治提供了理论依据.     

玉米茎腐病拮抗菌筛选及发酵条件优化

采用平板稀释法进行菌种选育, 筛选玉米茎腐病的生防菌及对该菌株进行液体发酵。应用响应面法优化发酵条件, 以禾谷镰刀菌为指示菌测定生物活性。筛选得到1株较高活性菌株(YH-1), 将该菌株进行发酵条件优化, 抑菌圈直径由原来的20.60 mm增至25.80 mm。YH-1作为高效玉米茎腐病拮抗菌株, 可为生防菌剂开发奠定良好基础。     

High Risk of the Formation of Milky White Rice Kernels in Cultivars with Higher Potential Grain Growth Rate under Elevated Temperatures

Abstract

Our objective was to clarify whether rice cultivars with a higher grain dry-matter increase rate (GIR) under elevated temperature condition show a higher percentage of milky white rice kernels (MWK). The rate of MWK judged using a rice-quality selector significantly varied with the cultivar and experimental year. The spikes of the cultivars detached 5–7 days after heading were solution-cultured with an adequate nutrient supply for one week at 25, 28 and 33ºC. GIR was overall the highest at 28ºC, and GIR at this temperature was considered to reflect the potential GIR in all the grains tested. There was a close correlation between the rate of MWK and the GIR at 28ºC under field conditions when temperatures during the grain-filling period were approximately over 25ºC. It was suggested that cultivars with a higher potential GIR under elevated temperature conditions have a higher risk of the formation of MWK.     

The herbage yield and quality of three grass species on two marginal maize soils at Potchefstroom

A small plot experiment with Digitaria eriantha, Panicum maximum and Anthephora pubescens, established on Valsrivier and Westleigh soil forms, was conducted at Potchefstroom during the 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. The yield of P. maximum was the highest of the three species during the drier 1986/87 season (478 mm), while the yield of D. eriantha was the highest during the wetter 1987/88 season (803 mm). Yield was not influenced significantly by soil form. The quality of all species, in terms of protein and digestibility, was adequate for animal production.     

Factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts: the case of the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora from roots of orchids

Protoplast isolation is relevant for many different applications and has been principally used in proceduresnvolving genetic manipulation. In this study, the age of mycelium, osmotic stabilizers, enzyme, incubation temperature and incubation time were evaluated in terms of their effects on protoplast yield. The young mycelia （3 d） of Tulasnella calospora were digested for 6 h at 30℃ in a mixture of 1.2 mol·L-1 MgSO_4 ＋ 10 mmoI·L-1 K2HPO4 as the osmotic stabilizer, with a 1.0% lysing enzyme and 1.5% driselase： more than 106 protoplasts mL-1 were obtained. When collected 3y density gradient centrifugation, the concentration of protoplasts can reach 107-108 protoplasts mL-1, an amount suitable enough for experiments of transformation in fungi. For every 10_5 protoplasts, about 15-25 protoplasts can egenerate after 24-36 h cultivation in a liquid medium and after 8-10 d in an agar medium. This study produced an efficient method for protoplast production, reverting them into a typical mycelia morphology using a Tulasnella calospora solate.