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11.
菌根真菌液泡的分离及特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从菌根真菌黑核菌(CenococcumgeophilumFr.)和鹅膏菌[Amanitamuscaria(L.exFr.)Pers.exHook.]菌丝中,采用多元碱化合物诱导原生质体裂解方法,分离出细胞器──液泡。实验结果表明,在加磷的MMNC培养基中培养4—7天的菌丝经水解酶作用所释放出的原生质体具有较高的液泡化程度;液泡产率约为原生质体的5-10%;细胞质特征酶葡萄糖-6-磷酸-脱氢酶活性测定结果证明了液泡的纯度;而等量原生质体和液泡中酸性磷酸酶及α-甘露糖苷酶活性的比较表明这两种酶主要存在于液泡中,因此,它们可以作为菌根真菌黑核菌和鹅膏菌液泡的特征酶。 相似文献
12.
Kouichi Suzaki Ken-ichi Ikeda Atsuko Sasaki Satoko Kanematsu Naoyuki Matsumoto Kouji Yoshida 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(3):161-168
Monokaryotic strains of Helicobasidium mompa were used as vectors of a mycovirus between various H. mompa isolates to examine the transmissibility of one of the mycoviruses, totivirus (HmTV1–17 virus) in the hypovirulent isolate V17 of H. mompa. The isolates that acquired HmTV1–17 virus were also examined for any alteration in the virulence. Twelve dikaryotic isolates of H. mompa, belonging to 11 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and being mycelially incompatible with isolate V17, were used as recipients of HmTV1–17 virus. Two monokaryotic isolates that were mycelially incompatible with isolate V17 and all of the recipients were also used as vectors of HmTV1-17 virus between isolate V17 and the recipients. When isolate V17 and recipients were directly paired on plate media, HmTV1-17 virus was transmitted from isolate V17 into 2 of the 12 recipients (i.e., 2 of the 11 MCGs). Two monokaryotic strains were paired with isolate V17, and the monokaryotic strains that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were then used as new virus donors. When the monokaryotic strains containing HmTV1-17 virus were paired with the 12 recipients, HmTV1-17 virus was transmitted into 7 of the 12 recipients from the monokaryotic strains (i.e., 7 of 11 MCGs). Based on these results, we concluded that monokaryotic strains could act as vectors to transmit HmTV1-17 virus into H. mompa isolates. When four of the H. mompa isolates that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were used to inoculate apple rootstock Malus prunifolia, the virulence of all of the isolates was attenuated from that of their parental isolates. Moreover, because the DNA fingerprints of the fungal isolates that acquired HmTV1-17 virus were the same as those of their parental isolates, the infection with HmTV1-17 virus is considered the cause of virulence attenuation of H. mompa. 相似文献
13.
Fusarium oxysporum对苗期大豆具有较强的致病作用。病原菌自伤口或直接侵入大豆幼苗根部的皮层组织,随着病原菌的侵入和扩展,细胞出现坏死,组织发生崩解,根部组织表现红褐色病斑。环境因素对病原菌的侵染时期和在大豆体内潜育时间的长短有着明显的影响。侵染时期主要受病原菌侵入前自身所处状态和寄主的影响,侵入后潜育时间的长短则受植株状态的影响。土壤环境条件直接影响着病原菌的侵入和寄主的抗病性,间接影响着病原菌在大豆植株体内的扩展和病症的表现。 相似文献
14.
室内药效试验表明:麦根宁1号、敌力脱对小麦根腐病菌的生长均有良好的抑制作用。麦根宁Ⅰ号稀释300倍时,平均抑菌圈直径最大;敌力脱稀释800倍时,平均抑菌圈直径最大。同时,麦根宁Ⅰ号、敌力脱Ⅱ号,粉锈宁对小麦全蚀病菌生长也有明显的抑制作用。粉锈宁,麦根宁Ⅰ,Ⅱ号在稀释10000倍时,抑菌率均达100%;敌力脱在稀释15000倍时,平均抑菌率仍达89.7%。 相似文献
15.
河南省食用菌科技推广存在的问题及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综合分析了河南省食有菌科技推广中存在的生产经营缺乏宏观引导,科技推广存在自发性和盲目性,体制不协调和食用菌生产本身的不可控因素较多等问题,提出了加强宏观引导,微观调控,建立健全食用菌行业管理,食用菌龙头企业建设,开发建设规模生产基地等具体措施,为食用菌的产业化大发展提供了参考依据。 相似文献
16.
为改善中锰白口铸铁的韧性以扩大其应用范围,本文探讨了C, Si, Mn等合金元素、变质处理和热处理工艺对中Mn白口铸铁组织和性能的影响. 相似文献
17.
18.
向日葵[IIelianlhus anuus (L.)]是我国的重要经济作物。其花粉通常呈深浅程度不同的黄颜色。据我们掌握和查新资料,目前世界上尚未见有关白花粉方面的报道。1989年7月下旬至8月上旬,我们在吉林农业大学向日葵育种试验田的恢复系C8711群体中,先后发现4株白花粉突变体。暂分别定名为C8711—1、C8711—2、C8711—3和C8711—4。在进行人工套袋之前,此4株突变体已经在一定程度上发生了开放授粉,其中C8711—4开放授粉程度较轻。成熟时单独收获这4株突变体的种子,以进行有关遗传学研究,本文拟对白花粉突变的遗传学机理进行初步的探讨。 相似文献
19.
20.
Sugarcane yields have been severely reduced by white leaf and grassy shoot phytoplasma diseases in many parts of Asia. Australian sugarcane crops are not known to be affected by these diseases, but plant pathogenic phytoplasmas found in other introduced and native grasses in northern Australia could pose a serious threat to the Australian sugarcane industry. To further evaluate this threat, leaves from plants of 20 grass species, with and without symptoms, were collected during field surveys in northern Australia and tested to determine whether phytoplasmas were present and whether symptoms were reliable indicators of phytoplasma presence. Molecular tools were used to detect and characterize phytoplasmas. Four different phytoplasmas were found in seven grass species known to grow near healthy sugarcane crops. All the phytoplasmas were closely related to sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma (SCWL), one of the phytoplasmas that causes disease in sugarcane in Asia. Four of the host plant species and two of the phytoplasmas were new records. The relationship between symptoms and phytoplasma presence was poor. Because some plants with symptoms tested negative for phytoplasmas, a series of surveys was carried out in which flowers, leaves, roots and stems of two known host plant species, Whiteochloa cymbiformis and Sorghum stipoideum, were tested separately on nine occasions during two wet seasons. This was done to investigate the distribution of phytoplasmas within plants over time. Results showed that spatial and temporal variation of phytoplasmas occurred in these two host plant species. Hence, evaluation of disease distribution within a region requires repeated testing of all plant parts from plants without symptoms, as well as those with symptoms. To date, there is no report of a vector capable of transmitting to Australian sugarcane the phytoplasmas found in grasses in this study. If one is present, or occurs in the future, then native and introduced grasses could constitute a large reservoir of phytoplasma for vectors to draw on. This work provides an early warning for the sugarcane industry that the potential for infection exists. 相似文献