Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes

Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.Purdue Univ., Agronomy Dept., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.     

小麦白粉病抗病材料的鉴定研究

１９９７－２０００年连续３年,利用陕西小麦白粉病茵模拟病圃混合茵系,对陕西等省新育成的２８０份小麦育种材料进行了苗期与成株期抗病性鉴定,筛选出对小麦白粉病茵高抗－免疫的育种亲本材料１２份,其中高抗材料２份为鉴４４和鉴４７;免疫材料１０份为鉴１９、鉴２０、鉴４０、鉴４６、鉴４９、８８（６０５）－１－５－１－２－２－１、保丰９４－６６、贵农２９和秦８１２０－２３－５－１８。这些材料表现稳定,可供抗白粉     

冬小麦产量与底墒关系分析

该在分析大量试验资料后指出：在黄土高原南部地区，冬小麦产量与播前底墒相关性强，其相关系数在不同施肥水平下，分别为：中肥处理０．６７７；高肥处理０．７４２；单施氮处理高达０．９６０。因而得出不同施肥处理下的底墒与冬小麦产量关系图，可用于冬小麦产量趋势预测及建立数学模型参考。     

草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上的应用研究

本试验以杂交桑“沙2×伦109”为材料,以普通桑园的湖桑32号片叶育为对照,就草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上应用的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明,在配合施用叶面肥0.2％PGH-X的情况下,供试杂交桑在原蚕生长发育、茧质及制种成绩方面与对照区相近或持平,说明原蚕饲养采用草本化栽培杂交桑及条桑二回育形式具有可行性。使用叶面肥0.15％PGH-D可使原蚕5龄期经过延长,对家蚕生长发育表现一定调控作用。     

The electrofocusing composition of the Large and Small Sub-unit polypeptides of Fraction-1-Protein in rice x wheat and rice x sorghum hybrids

Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction-1-Protein (F1P) from rice × sorghum, rice × wheat hybrids and their respective parents have been analyzed by a microelectrofocusing method. The large sub-unit (LSU) is composed of three polypeptides and the small sub-unit (SSU) of two polypeptides in rice and sorghum parents and rice × sorghum hybrids. Similarly, LSU is composed of three polypeptides in the rice and wheat parents and rice × wheat hybrids. Two polypeptides occur in the SSU of rice parent and rice × wheat hybrids where as only one polypeptide in the wheat parent. These polypeptides also differ in their isoelectric points. Based on the previous reports of F1P inheritance in hybrids in other crops, F1P analysis of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids does not seem to be an important marker to identify such intergeneric hybrids. Since this is first such report of F1P inheritance in hybrids between distantly related plants, its implication in different modes of inheritance are discussed.Abbreviations F1P Fraction-1-Protein - IEF Isoelectric focusing - pI Isoelectric points - LSU Large sub-unit - RuBPCase Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase - SSU Small sub-unit     

优质弱筋小麦扬辐麦2号的选育

采用扬麦 1 5 8与突变品系 1 90 1 2杂交 ,再经辐射诱变选育而成的优质弱筋小麦新品种扬辐麦 2号 ,其品质符合国家弱筋小麦标准 ,表现高产稳产 ,抗逆性强 ,千粒重高 ,后期熟相好 ,适应长江中下游淮南麦区种植     

Model averaging for genome‐enabled prediction with reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces: a case study with pig litter size and wheat yield

Predictive ability of yet‐to‐be observed litter size (pig) grain yield (wheat) records of several reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regression models combining different number of Gaussian or t kernels was evaluated. Predictive performance was assessed as the average (over 50 replicates) predictive correlation in the testing set. Predictions from these models were combined using three different types of model averaging: (i) mean of predicted phenotypes obtained in each model, (ii) weighted average using mean squared error as weight or (iii) using the marginal likelihood as weight. (ii) and (iii) were obtained in a validation set with 5% of the data. Phenotypes consisted of 2598, 1604 and 1879 average litter size records from three commercial pig lines and wheat grain yield of 599 lines evaluated in four macro‐environments. SNPs from the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and 1447 DArT markers were used as predictors for the pig and wheat data analyses, respectively. Gaussian and univariate t kernels led to same predictive performance. Multikernel RKHS regression models overcame shortcomings of single kernel models (increasing the predictive correlation of RKHS models by 0.05 where 3 Gaussian or t kernels were fitted in the RKHS models simultaneously). None of the proposed averaging strategies improved the predictive correlations attained with single models using multiple kernel fitting.     

青莜麦双季栽培和麦茬复种技术的研究

青莜麦不同品种和播期的试验结果表明:第一季青莜麦比第二季晚熟品种的株高、叶面积系数均高;品种323和82的单季产草量达87544.5kg/hm2和85042.5kg/hm2,双季比单季增产68.0%~81.2%。麦茬复种青莜麦产草量达64500~67500kg/hm2;并以7月20日为最佳播种期,比其他播期增产38.9%~77.0%。品种323籽粒产量3789.8kg/hm2,比对照增产26.3%~66.7%,其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均比对照高;麦茬复种青莜麦比复种青玉米的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量高。选用品种323和82进行双季栽培或麦茬复种青莜麦,可取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

Effects of formulating growing pig diet with increasing levels of wheat‐corn distillers dried grains with solubles on digestible nutrient basis on growth performance and nutrient digestibility

Formulating swine diets containing fibrous coproducts based on net energy (NE) and standardized ileal digestible amino acid (SID AA) values is recommended for optimizing pig performance. However, the effects of applying this approach to diets with increasing dietary levels of wheat‐corn‐derived distillers dried grains with soluble (wcDDGS) on pig performance have not been evaluated. Thus, 48 pigs with an average body weight [BW] of 25.5 kg were used to determine the effects of increasing wcDDGS (1:1 wheat to corn ratio) content in grower diets on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients. Pigs were housed in pens of either 2 barrows or gilts balanced for BW and fed 4 diets within sex for 42 days. Diets were a nutrient adequate corn–barley–soybean meal‐based diet with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% wcDDGS, and were similar in calculated NE and SID AA values. Acid insoluble ash was used as the indigestible marker. Final BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) linearly decreased (p < 0.05) and feed efficiency tended to decrease (p = 0.07) with increased dietary wcDDGS. Overall average daily feed intake was not affected (p > 0.10) by dietary treatment. The ATTD of dry matter and energy linearly decreased (p < 0.01), whereas the ATTD of neutral detergent fibre linearly increased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary level of wcDDGS. Increasing dietary wcDDGS content did not affect (p > 0.10) ATTD of Ca and P. In conclusion, increasing dietary wcDDGS content reduced growth performance and ATTD of energy in growing pigs. Thus, the risks of high dietary wcDGGS content may not be completely alleviated by formulating growing pig diets on the basis of NE and SID AA systems.     

糙皮侧耳对几种粗饲料营养成分的影响

实验以玉米秸秆,小麦秸秆,干苜蓿为主要研究对象,用糙皮侧耳进行菌化并发酵培养,分析对比菌化前后三种粗饲料在感官指标和营养成分方面的变化情况。结果表明,三种粗饲料被糙皮侧耳菌化后颜色变鲜艳,质地变软,有淡淡的香味;玉米秸秆粗蛋白提高11.70%,粗脂肪提高6.18%,粗纤维降低17.25%,木质素降低6.62%;小麦秸秆粗蛋白提高9.21%,粗脂肪提高5.42%,粗纤维降低17.47%,木质素降低8.07%;干苜蓿粗蛋白提高9.32%,粗脂肪提高5.54%,粗纤维降低14.18%。糙皮侧耳对秸秆的饲料化利用具有重要意义。