内蒙古平原灌区春小麦高产优化栽培的生理基础研究

通过连续两年的试验研究，初步阐明了内蒙古平原灌区春小麦实现单产 ６ ０００ｋｇ·ｈｍ~２以上优化栽培的光合性能、氮磷钾营养、产量形成等变化规律，并提出相应的综合农艺栽培措施组合方案，为指导本地区生产实践提供了理论依据。     

90年代江苏淮南小麦产量性状演变及品质分析

分析了江苏省淮南片 1 989～ 1 999年连续 1 0年 (5轮 ) 4 5个小麦品种 (系 )的区试结果 ,其平均产量为 5 .0 661 t.hm- 2 ;年度 (轮次 )间的产量呈现低 -高 -低的演变趋势 ;在产量构成因素中 ,穗数较为稳定 ,且与产量关系不密切 ;而每穗粒数随着产量的起伏表现较大增减 ,与产量呈显著正相关 ;千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关 ,粒重大小基本决定产量高低。本地区目前应用推广小麦品种的出粉率均较低 ;蛋白质和面筋含量以苏麦 6号较高 ,但由于其面团稳定时间短 ,仍不适于制作面包 ;扬麦 1 5 8和宁麦 8号适合制作面条和馒头 ;宁麦 9号为较优质的饼干、糕点小麦。此外 ,还探讨了小麦产量育种的策略和品质改良的重点及要求。     

不同处理对解除小麦种子休眠效果的研究

以发芽势、发芽率作指标，采用ＧｒｉｆｆｉｎｇⅡ设计，研究了４因素共１１种组合（包括对照）对解除两种不同上色的小麦种子休眠的效果。结果表明：１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３（赤霉素ＧＡ３）效果较好，在所有组合中，以５０℃的高温处理２４ｈ后用１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３浸种１２ｈ最好，能显著提高种子的发芽势和发芽率，在小麦夏繁中有一定应用价值。     

Protein extraction from defatted wheat germ by reverse micelles: Optimization of the forward extraction

In this work, the forward extraction of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) by reverse micelles was studied. The reverse micellar systems were formed by sulphosuccinic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt (AOT), isooctane and KCl solution. The effects of AOT concentration, pH, KCl concentration, extraction time, the amounts of defatted wheat germ flour (DWGF), W₀ (the molar ratio of water to surfactant, i.e. W₀ = [H₂O]/[AOT]) and temperature on the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP were tested. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the optimum extraction was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the highest forward extraction efficiency of DWGP was reached at the AOT concentration 0.06 g/mL, pH 8, KCl concentration 0.1 mol/L, time 30 min, the amounts of DWGF 0.500 g, W₀ 25 and temperature 36 °C. Under these conditions, the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP achieved 37%.     

干旱对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦生育性状及产量的影响

在相同的水分条件下 ,对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦的生育性状及产量进行比较。研究结果表明 ,小麦品种 9350 31在高肥力条件下表现突出 ,鲁麦 2 1适应性广 ,在中、低肥力地块上表现最佳     

提高北方寒地冬小麦越冬率机制初探

在黑龙江省北纬Ｎ４６～４８°区域试种冬小麦，五年试验表明，以高越冬率为指标，分蘖节处于可溶性糖等光合产物峰值区的分蘖盛期，为抗寒的最佳状态，分蘖盛期分蘖节可溶性糖含量的高低，亦可为品种抗寒性选择的评价尺度。由于根前区对低温比分蘖节更为敏感，使冬小麦根前区位于温度和对稳定的３０ｃｍ地层以下，应是采取适当栽培的调控措施的目的。     

壮丰安对冬小麦产量和产量器官发育的影响

以两个冬小麦品种京冬6号和农大142为材料,研究了新型植物生长调节剂-壮丰安对小麦产量器官的调控效应。结果表明:壮丰安处理调节了小麦穗的乙烯释放量和籽粒中 IAA,Z+ZR 等内源激素水平;加快了小麦籽粒乳熟中期以后的灌浆速度,可使穗数、结实小穗、穗粒数和穗粒重不同程度增加,表现一定的增产作用;收获后的种子经生物学方法测定,药效残留很少,正常施用对环境和产品安全。     

为害小麦新害虫——显脉污灯蛾Spilarctia bisecta Leech (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

小麦是我国三大粮食作物之一, 其在生产过程中受到多种害虫为害;在调查重庆市潼南区小麦病虫害过程中新发现一种鳞翅目害虫为害小麦, 对其进行形态学及细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基(cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ, COⅠ)基因序列鉴定, 确定其为显脉污灯蛾Spilarctia bisecta Leech。污灯蛾属中有多种为害农作物的害虫, 但显脉污灯蛾在中国还未有为害小麦的确切报道, 这一发现提醒我们应当注意小麦和其他禾本科作物上的潜在害虫。     

Dynamic model for the effects of K fertilizer on crop growth, K-uptake and soil-K in arable cropping. 2. Field test of the model

Abstract. The validity of the model described in Greenwood & Karpinets (1997) was tested against the results of single year, multi level K fertilizer experiments. Measurements of plant mass, %K in the plant and K activity ratio in soil had been made at harvest and at intervals during the growing season on spring wheat, summer cabbage and turnips. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between these measurements and simulated values when the two 'crop' parameters (defining the dependence of critical and maximum possible %K on plant mass) were adjusted for each crop. Also good agreement was generally obtained for plant weight and plant %K at harvest in less detailed experiments on 10 other crops. Values of the two 'crop' parameters for 12 of the crops were strongly correlated with one another suggesting that a single 'crop' parameter may be all that is required to define most inter-species differences in plant-K demand.
Simulations with the model indicate that, in central England, no response of 10 crops to K fertilizer would be likely on soils containing more than 170 mg of 1 M ammonium nitrate extractable-K/kg of soil and having clay contents of between 15 and 45%. Shortcomings of the model and opportunities for advance are discussed.
A simplified version of the model runs on the Internet at: http://www.qpais.co.uk/moda-djg/potass.htm     

麦套春棉麦棉共生期水分变化动态研究

１９９２～１９９３年对麦套春棉麦棉共生期水分变化动态进行了研究。两年试验结果表明，４种套种方式共生期田间持水量变化动态均表现为：棉行间＞棉株间＞麦棉行间＞麦行间；在试验范围内麦棉间距≥０３０ｍ时，无论麦收前有无自然降雨，棉行间、棉株间持水量与纯作棉田（ＣＫ）差异不显著，而麦棉行间、麦行间持水量显著低于ＣＫ；３—２式和４—２式用水较为经济；套种田与ＣＫ持水量等同点分布区集中在距小麦边行０３０～０４０ｍ处，各套种方式麦棉间距以０３０ｍ为宜。