60Co-γ射线诱变小麦品质突变体的筛选及分子标记检测

为了探索小麦品质性状的物理诱变效应,用300Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射小麦品种河科2号的干种子,对M3代234个株系的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和产量性状进行变异分析和SSR分子鉴定,以超过均值±2×标准差确定变异株系.结果表明,在M3代群体中,蛋白质含量有13个株系发生正向变异,5个株系发生负向变异;湿面筋含量有8个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;沉降值有6个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;硬度有2个株系发生正向变异,9个株系发生负向变异;产量有5个株系发生正向变异,4个株系发生负向变异.相关分析表明,M3群体蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,表现出平行变异的趋势.初步筛选出蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量符合国家强筋小麦标准(蛋白质含量≥15％,湿面筋含量≥35％)的株系8个.经SSR分子标记检测,与控制小麦蛋白质含量的基因存在连锁的2个特异引物Xbarc164和Xgwm161在以上8个变异株系都呈现多态性标记,表明这些株系与蛋白质含量相关的基因可能发生了变异.     

氮素运筹方式对沙薄地小麦产量和品质的影响

以优质中筋小麦品种豫麦70为试验材料,研究了沙薄地大田条件下等量氮肥不同运筹方式对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明：①氮肥底施 追施优于氮肥全部底施(一炮轰);②在70％氮肥底施的基础上,拔节期重追氮肥的增产效果明显,以20％氮肥拔节期追施,10％氮肥孕穗期追施的产量最高,较氮肥全部底施的增加9．1％;③所有氮肥底施 追施处理的籽粒灰分含量、出粉率、吸水率均比氮肥底施的提高,除硬度以外,所有氮肥底施 追施处理的籽粒品质趋于软质化,表现为蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量降低,沉降值减少,稳定时间、断裂时间缩短,弱化度增大。     

新疆小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传多样性分析

[目的]更好的了解和有效利用新疆选育的小麦种质材料.[方法]采用SDS-PAGE技术对88份小麦育成品种与自育品系的高分子量麦谷白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析.[结果]参试材料中共有15种HMW-GS类型,Glu-A1位点上有、1和2~*,以亚基为主要类型(占57.96; );Giu-B1位点上有7+9、7+8、6+8、14+15、17+18、7、8和20八种类型,以7+9和7+8为主要亚基类型(分别占45.46;和39.77;);Glu-D1位点上有5+10、2+12、3+12和2+11四种类型,其中2+12亚基的频率高达59.09;;88份小麦品种(系)的亚基组合类型共有25种,其中主要亚基组合为”,7+8,2+12",占17.05; .通过对比新疆育成小麦品种和自育品系的优质亚基出现频率发现,品系中优质亚基1、14+15和5+10出现频率较育成品种有所增长,2~*、7+8、17+18优质亚基的出现频率下降.在参试材料中,32个含有5+10优质亚基,有21个含有1亚基,6个含2~*亚基,1个含14+15亚基,1个含17+18亚基,并有两个材料检测出优质亚基组合类型(”2~*、17+18、5+10",”1、7+8、5+10").[结论]这些优异种质资源可供优质小麦育种利用.     

砂壤土强筋小麦应用杀菌剂对产量和品质的影响

运用田间小区试验方法,在豫东平原砂壤土生态类型区麦田,初步探讨了杀菌剂对强筋小麦产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,使用三唑酮、多菌灵、灭菌丹、烯唑醇及病虫灵等5种杀菌剂,强筋小麦千粒重提高0.8～1.9g,产量增加147.6～471.3kg/hm2,平均增产5.4%。于小麦抽穗后喷洒1次杀菌剂效果较好,增加喷洒次数以后对强筋小麦品质有不良影响。不同生育期应用杀菌剂,基本上不影响强筋小麦的品质,其应用效果主要取决于杀菌剂种类及喷洒次数。既使强筋小麦增产,又基本不影响其品质指标的杀菌剂为三唑酮和烯唑醇,其中又以三唑酮的增产效应最为突出,一般增产8%以上,千粒重提高2g左右,生产中可以考虑优先选用。     

高性能耐磨纸的研究

探索了不同的涂布量、胶粘剂的种类和用量对耐磨纸的耐磨转数、吸水高度和湿强度的影响，通过优化涂布工艺配方使耐磨纸的耐磨转数提高到7000转以上。     

福建省湿地类型自然保护区发展问题探讨

阐述了福建省湿地类型自然保护区现状 ,分析了湿地类型自然保护区发展存在的问题及其成因 ,据此提出了福建省湿地类型自然保护区的发展对策     

白蜡木、黑胡桃木、橄榄木的干缩湿胀特性研究

实木制品的干缩湿胀性直接影响其尺寸稳定性,对白蜡木、黑胡桃木和橄榄木的干缩湿胀特性研究结果表明：三种木材全干状态下的体积干缩率分别为13.88%、10.85%、9.89%,气干状态下的体积干缩率分别为4.89%、4.71%、4.14%,气干至饱水状态下的体积湿胀率分别为18.28%、12.82%、11.54%,全干至气干状态下的体积湿胀率分别为5.94%、4.20%、3.96%。三种木材中白蜡木的干缩湿胀性最强,黑胡桃木次之,橄榄木最小。研究结果对实木制品用材含水率的控制具有一定的指导意义。     

Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and tilapia galilae Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings fed plant protein-based diets

This study was designed to determine the effect of complete substitution of fish meal (FM) by three plant protein sources including extruded soybean meal (SBM), extruded full‐fat soybean (FFSB) and corn gluten meal (CGM) on growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and tilapia galilae Sarothrodon galilaeus. Four isonitrogenous of crude protein (ca. 28.0%) and isocaloric (ca. 19 MJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets were formulated. The control diet (diet 1) was prepared with FM as the main protein sources. Diets 2–4, each FM control diet, were completely substituted with SBM (diet 2), FFSB (diet 3) and CGM (diet 4). l ‐lysine and dl ‐methionine were added to plant protein diets to cover the nutritional requirements of tilapia. Each treatment was allocated to three net pens and fed for 17 weeks. Nile tilapia fed the control diet showed significantly higher (P≤0.05) values for final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), whereas fish fed the diet with CGM achieved the lowest values. Tilapia galilae fed SBM diet recorded the highest (P≤0.05) values for growth performance. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both Oreochromis niloticus and Sarothrodon galilaeus was observed when fish were fed SBM diet, whereas the worse FCR was recorded for FFSB diet. Feed utilization parameters including protein productive value (PPV), fat retention (FR) and energy retention (ER) showed significant differences (P≤0.05) for both the species fed different dietary protein sources. The present results suggest that, for Nile tilapia, both SBM and FFSB supplemented with dl ‐methionine and l ‐lysine can completely replace dietary FM. Meanwhile, S. galilaeus fed SBM diet exhibited comparable growth and feed utilization with those fish fed a fish‐meal‐based diet.     

Suitability of enzymatic hydrolyzates of extracted gluten from fresh pasta by-product used as bread improvers

Gluten extracted from fresh pasta by-products (PG) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by two different commercial proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L and Pancreatin) to different degrees of hydrolysis (DH 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%). Commercial gluten (CG) was used as reference. The evaluation of functional properties of hydrolyzates from pasta gluten (PGH) and commercial gluten (CGH) showed that Pancreatin hydrolyzates had the highest emulsifying capacities. Regarding the foaming activity, all hydrolyzates performed better than unhydrolyzed gluten. PGH and CGH were added to wheat flour (1%) and their effects on dough rheology were studied. Most hydrolyzates with DH 8% increased dough thermal stability and elasticity during mixing, accelerated the denaturation rate of the protein network, and delayed the gelatinization speed of starch as the temperature increased. Texture profiles and specific volumes of breads from low quality wheat flour with added Pancreatin hydrolyzates (DH 8%) were comparable to those of breads from high quality flour. This showed the potential suitability of PGH and CGH as bread improvers.     

干播湿出技术对不同土壤质地棉花生长和产量的影响——以阿拉尔垦区为例

本试验在阿拉尔垦区选取不同质地土壤地块,研究干播湿出技术对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：不同土壤质地干播湿出模式下棉花出苗率差异不大,整体出苗情况良好;沙质土棉田株高高于壤质土和黏质土,初期差异明显,后期差异逐渐变小;不同土壤质地棉田果枝薹数差异不明显,生育后期壤质土铃数最多;土壤碱解氮和有效磷的含量为壤质土>黏质土>沙质土,土壤速效钾的含量为黏质土>壤质土>沙质土,土壤含盐量为黏质土>沙质土>壤质土,棉花产量为壤质土>沙质土>黏质土。综合来看,壤质土为干播湿出技术的应用提供了最有利的条件,可促进棉花生长发育和对土壤速效养分的吸收,从而获得较高产量。