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91.
高粱与旱稻属间杂交部分遗传物质导入的F3及BC1表型鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以高粱(S.bicolor)为母本、旱稻(O.sativa)为父本进行属问杂交,F1出现双亲没有的短芒和黄色柱头新性状,并能在F2、F3及BC 1 稳定遗传。F1在株高、穗长、穗型、分蘖性等性状上仍疯狂分离,并出现父本白色籽粒单株。BC1在株高、分蘖二性状上接近父本,回交效应非常明显,t测定无差异,并出现多子房新性状。高梁与旱稻杂交及回交,能创造变异,产生新性状,对创造矮秆、优质、多子房新种质十分有效。然而,二者杂交后代主体性状仍似母本,只表现父本少数性状。属于部分遗传物质导入。 相似文献
92.
The millenia‐old existence of traditional, surface‐irrigated Omani mountain oases implies a remarkable sustainability of such systems in a hyperarid environment. This study was conducted in the mountain oasis of Balad Seet, situated in the Al‐Jabal‐al‐Akhdar mountains of northern Oman, to investigate the water‐use efficiency (WUE) of these oases and how farmers regulate it. In 2005, gas exchange of single leaves of 9–16 plants was measured for the most important perennial field crop alfalfa in both February and August, for the typical winter crop oat in February, and the dominating summer crop sorghum in August. The measurements were conducted five times a day in subplots irrigated the evening before and in the surrounding control plots, where plants had been withheld from irrigation for 14–16 d. Water deficit at the end of the irrigation interval reduced the stomatal conductance (gs) strongly in summer alfalfa, oat, and sorghum, but only slightly in winter alfalfa. In oat, the reduction of net photosynthetic rate (PN) at the end of the irrigation cycle was caused mainly by stomatal closure, in sorghum by nonstomatal factors and in summer alfalfa by both, whereas PN in winter alfalfa remained unaffected. The ratio of net photosynthetic rate to stomatal conductance (PN/gs), the “intrinsic water‐use efficiency”, increased in all investigated crops in response to drought because of a stronger reduction of gs than of PN. This increase was small in winter alfalfa, but much stronger in oat, sorghum, and summer alfalfa. The data indicate that alfalfa maintains a relatively high CO2 assimilation rate year‐round, contributing to a relatively high annual dry‐matter production. The decrease of the light intensity in the late afternoon caused by the shading effect of the surrounding mountains diminishes the crop evapotranspiration in the oasis. 相似文献
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根据最优设计原理,采用最优混合设计组合成11个处理试验研究表明,1998年小区最高产量为12.92t/hm~2,1999年小区最高产量达13~815t/hm~2,2000年小区最高产量达15.018t/hm~2。由计算机计算筛选出343个方案,其中15~17.625t/hm~2产量的最优组合方案为施有机肥60t/hm~2,追肥施N素462~483kg/hm~2,播前浇底墒水600t/hm~2,补灌1377~1458t/hm~2,马铃薯套种高粱种植密度为马铃薯7.2705~8.3415万株/hm~2,高粱6.5205~7.5915万株/hm~2。 相似文献
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利用离子束诱变技术进行甜高粱品种和酵母菌种的选育,旨在甜高粱燃料乙醇产业化的有效开发。对离子束诱变技术的原理及其在植物、微生物诱变育种方面的应用进展进行了简要概述,并对中科院近代物理研究所在甜高粱燃料乙醇产业化研发中对重离子诱变育种的初步应用进行介绍和展望。 相似文献
99.
Timely and accurate information on crop conditions obtained during the growing season is of vital importance for crop management.
High spatial resolution satellite imagery has the potential for mapping crop growth variability and identifying problem areas
within fields. The objectives of this study were to use QuickBird satellite imagery for mapping plant growth and yield patterns
within grain sorghum fields as compared with airborne multispectral image data. A QuickBird 2.8-m four-band image covering
a cropping area in south Texas, USA was acquired in the 2003 growing season. Airborne three-band imagery with submeter resolution
was also collected from two grain sorghum fields within the satellite scene. Yield monitor data collected from the two fields
were resampled to match the resolutions of the airborne imagery and the satellite imagery. The airborne imagery was related
to yield at original submeter, 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions and the QuickBird imagery was related to yield at 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions.
The extracted QuickBird images for the two fields were then classified into multiple zones using unsupervised classification
and mean yields among the zones were compared. Results showed that grain yield was significantly related to both types of
image data and that the QuickBird imagery had similar correlations with grain yield as compared with the airborne imagery
at the 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. Moreover, the unsupervised classification maps effectively differentiated grain production
levels among the zones. These results indicate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be a useful data source
for determining plant growth and yield patterns for within-field crop management. 相似文献
100.