重庆地区取食高粱的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌新分离株的鉴定

为充分认识入侵重庆地区草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)的肠道微生物, 2019年7月该课题组再次在重庆江津地区高粱地采集了草地贪夜蛾幼虫,通过分离培养结合16S rDNA测序鉴定,从江津草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中共分离得到38个细菌分离株,归为9个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).在课题组前期研究的基础上,新分离到了6个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).同时还对入侵重庆地区采食高粱和玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌分离株进行了比较分析,只在采食高粱的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中发现了欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)的菌株,而气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)和类香味菌属(Myroides)则只在采食玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中分离得到.通过对同一片江津高粱地的草地贪夜蛾和玉米黏虫(Mythimna separata)的肠道细菌分离株进行比较分析,只在草地贪夜蛾肠道中发现了微球菌属(Micrococcus)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium),而金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)只发现于玉米黏虫肠道中.     

24个甜高粱品种主要农艺性状与品质性状遗传多样性分析

本研究对国内9份和国外15份甜高粱自交系品种的45个农艺性状和品质性状在新疆干旱区的表现进行遗传参数分析。目的是了解甜高粱种质资源在新疆干旱区的表现,为新疆干旱区甜高粱品种选育提供参考依据。遗传多样性分析表明,主要农艺、产量及品质性状的遗传多样性指数平均为1.831 9,明显高于分级性状的0.779 6。其中,茎秆产量的遗传多样性指数达到1.817 2,茎秆可溶性总糖含量遗传多样性指数为1.946 9。变异系数分析表明,各性状的遗传变异潜力较大。其中,叶鞘可溶性总糖含量变异系数最大为50.3%,播种-出苗期变异系数最小为5.7%,总体平均为23.9%。遗传参数分析表明,农艺性状平均广义遗传率为0.74;产量性状平均广义遗传率为0.92;各品质性状平均广义遗传率为0.93,其中茎秆可溶性总糖的广义遗传率达到0.99。进一步分析发现茎秆产量和茎秆可溶性总糖含量的相对遗传进度分别为81.1%和84.9%,可获得遗传增量分别是122.3和212.3g/kg,说明该甜高粱群体的茎秆产量和茎秆可溶性总糖含量均有着巨大的改良潜力。     

Use of ammonia electrode for total nitrogen determination in plants

Abstract

An ammonia electrode was evaluated as a means of determining ammonium concentration in semi‐micro Kjeldahl digests of plant samples. Results of the ammonia electrode determination agreed closely with distillation and titration results. Advantages of the electrode method include speed, precision, increased safety, simplicity and the fact that only a small aliquot of the digest is used.     

甜高梁秸秆酒糟复合饲料的初步研制

以甜高粱秸秆发酵乙醇后的酒糟作为原料,与其他饲料进行简单复配,制成了适口性好、价格低廉、具有一定饲用价值的粗饲料。其配制方法简单且易于推广,既补充了动物养殖的粗饲料,又提高了甜高粱秸秆的综合利用率,还可减小发酵企业对环境的污染。     

高粱在畜禽日粮中的应用研究

高粱的抗旱性强，比玉米的生长环境条件更宽广。随着玉米、小麦等能量原料价格的高涨，为了降低成本，提高产品竞争力，很多大型饲料企业开始从国外进口高粱。然而，由于高粱中含有丹宁，与玉米相比，用高梁作为饲料原料降低了非反刍动物对能量和其它养分的消化利用率。文章就目前高粱在非反刍动物营养中的研究应用进行了总结。     

Early harvest and ensilage of forage sorghum infected with ergot (Claviceps africana) reduces the risk of livestock poisoning

Sorghum ergot produces dihydroergosine (DHES) and related alkaloids, which cause hyperthermia in cattle. Proportions of infected panicles (grain heads), leaves and stems were determined in two forage sorghum crops extensively infected 2 to 4 weeks prior to sampling and the panicles were assayed for DHES. Composite samples from each crop, plus a third grain variety crop, were coarsely chopped and half of each sealed in plastic buckets for 6 weeks to simulate ensilation. The worst-infected panicles contained up to 55 mg DHES/kg, but dilution reduced average concentrations of DHES in crops to approximately 1 mg/kg, a relatively safe level for cattle. Ensilation significantly (P = 0.043) reduced mean DHES concentrations from 0.85 to 0.46 mg/kg.     

甜高粱主要农艺性状的主成分分析

对国内外194份甜高粱品种进行了10个主要农艺性状调查。采用主成分分析,发现穗重、生育期、生物产量、穗长、茎粗、分蘖及含糖量等7个因子为农艺性状的主成分。在甜高粱育种中应加强生物产量选择,适当考虑含糖量及生育期,但穗重、分蘖和茎粗不宜过高,并且穗长越短越好。研究结果将为甜高粱的品种改良和创新提供理论依据。     

几种饲料作物在内蒙古呼和浩特地区的生产性能评价

在内蒙古呼和浩特地区,种植并评价了6种(品种)饲用高粱和高丹草类植物的生产性能及作为饲用植物的价值。结果表明,此类植物具有高产、饲用价值高、利用方便等特点,应用前景广阔,可以考虑作为饲用玉米和苏丹草类植物的换代产品。从植物产量、叶量和分蘖特性等方面综合考虑,饲用高粱大力士和高丹草健宝明显优于其他品种,可以作为该地区的首选推广品种。     

Growth and Apparent Absorption of Minerals in Broiler Chicks Fed Diets with Low or High Tannin Contents

Sorghum grains with low (0.28 per cent catechin equivalent (%CE) or high (1.36 %CE)) tannin contents were used to study the effect of tannin on growth and on the apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Co by chickens. High-tannin sorghum caused a highly significant (p0.01) reduction in the weight gain and feed intake of broiler chicks compared to low-tannin sorghum and increased the feed conversion ratio (p0.01). The amount of tannin did not affect mortality. The apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Co was reduced (p0.01) by feeding sorghum grains with a high tannin content.     

Osmotically Primed Seed and Seedling Reactions to Variations in Day/Night Temperature

The effects of alternating day/night temperatures, varying in maxima and minima but all averaging 30 °C, on germination and seedling characteristics of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) were investigated. Seeds of sorghum CSV 15 were soaked in 2, 4 or 6 g NaCl l⁻¹ solutions for 2 days at 25 °C, soaked in water for 1 day at 25 °C, or untreated. After treatment, drying and storage, seeds were germinated at 30/30 (day/night), 35/25, 40/20 or 41/19 °C temperature regimes under a polyethylene glycol-induced drought level of −3 bar. Results revealed no advancement of germination percentage but a partial increase in germination speed by osmotic seed treatments. All three osmotic treatments also reduced the plumule/radicle ratio owing to a speculated increase in root over shoot growth. Temperature regimes significantly influenced both germination and seedling characteristics with the optimum temperature appearing to be 35/25 °C. Increasing the temperature amplitude from 30/30 to 35/25 °C increased germination speed, which was reduced by incremental increases in temperature amplitude to 40/20 or 41/19 °C.