稻瘟病抗源TETEP的抗性遗传及其应用

稻瘟病抗源 Tetep 和品种华矮837的杂种后代接种菌株82-0461(ZB_(15)),通过杂交法和累积分布曲线法分析抗病基因组成,结果表明:Tetep 对菌株82-0461(ZB_(15))的抗性由两个主效基因和微效基因共同控制,并且两个主效基因之间存在加性作用。     

转hrf1基因水稻对稻曲病抗性分析

用注射接种法测定9个转hrf1基因水稻品系对稻曲病的抗性,结果表明B12-2m、B12、HTRP2和NJH12转基因系对稻曲病的抗性有显著提高,其中NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现最突出。在江苏南京和安徽潜山两地的田间测定结果显示NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现明显,与对照相比防效提高65%以上。用RT-PCR测定抗病转基因系中防卫基因的表达,在抗病转基因系中,Ospr1a、Ospr1b和PAL等防卫反应基因的表达明显增强。转hrf1基因水稻可能通过诱导防卫反应基因的表达提高水稻对稻曲病的抗性。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

土壤改良剂MDM对草甸碱土和水稻生长的影响

研究了盆栽条件下,改良剂MDM对松嫩平原草甸碱土和水稻生长的影响。结果表明,施用MDM可显著改善草甸碱土的交换能力和降低土壤溶液的含盐量,与对照相比,经0．90L／m^2MDM处理后的草甸碱土碱化度(ESP)降低了64．47％,水溶性盐中CO3^(2-)含量降低了72．80％,Na^ K^ ／Ca^(2 ) Mg^(2 )’降低了87．20％,土壤的电导率下降了27．18％,此外土壤的pH下降了0．5;改良剂的施用促进了水稻的生长发育,最终提高其产量,与对照相比,经0．90L／m^2MDM处理后的水稻出苗率提高了14．29％,株高增加了36．19％,水稻的单株产量增加了117．43％。     

水稻内生细菌B196的鉴定及其对水稻纹枯病的防治作用

从水稻体内分离得到的细菌菌株B196对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的生长有较强抑制作用.通过形态学和生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株B196鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium.采用浸种和喷雾的方法将菌株B196接种到水稻植株后,均能在稻株体内回收到该菌株,表明菌株B196能在水稻体内定殖.菌株B196对水稻纹枯病的盆栽和田间防效分别为64.29%和55.13%.     

水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的鉴定及利用现状

褐飞虱是为害水稻生产的重要害虫,利用寄主抗性培育抗褐飞虱品种被认为是防治其为害的有效途径.自20世纪70年代起,各国相继开展了水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的发掘工作,截至2007年12月,经国际注册确认和报道的水稻抗褐飞虱基因共22个,其中12个为显性基因(Bph),10个为隐性基因(bph),已被定位的达18个,此外还鉴定了一些重要的抗性QTLs.文中还讨论了综合防治褐飞虱策略等合理利用抗性基因的问题.     

机插秧稻田二次封闭控草应用技术

稻田草害是机插秧生产中最严重的问题。传统水稻田一封二杀三补控草策略策略已经不能适应机插秧的除草要求。本文综合小区试验和大区示范,针对不同栽培条件下的土壤和杂草情况,提出二封一补的除草对策。3年试验示范结果表明,土地平整后插秧前使用57%苄·丙·异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 500~1 800 g/hm~2进行第1次封闭处理,插秧后10 d用50%苄·丁·异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 200~1 500 g/hm~2进行第2次封闭,既能有效控制早期杂草为害,保证秧苗安全,又能延长对杂草持续控制作用,提高水稻产量。在2次封闭基础上,针对不平整地块和烤田后抗性杂草发生情况,提出相对应的补治措施。     

赣北二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率动态及其对景观结构的响应

为探索南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂生防功能、评估卵寄生蜂在田间寄生动态并探讨对不同景观结构的响应,本文采用对比盆栽稻株叶片载卵、离体新鲜稻叶载卵和滤纸卵卡比对二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率差异;利用盆栽稻株叶片载卵调查卵寄生蜂在稻田中的寄生率季节动态变化;在5月初、7月初和9月初分别调查了在不同景观样点二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率,对不同空间尺度下（0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 km）景观变量与卵寄生率进行模型分析,评估不同景观变量对卵寄生率的影响。结果表明,三种诱集方法差异显著,盆栽稻株叶片载二化螟卵被寄生的比率最高,其次为离体新鲜稻叶,滤纸卵卡效果最差。田间寄生动态调查表明,早稻卵被寄生比率偏低,中稻寄生率较高,在7月中旬二化螟卵被寄生率达到高峰（66.7%）,8月下旬以后,晚稻寄生率逐步下降。对不同空间尺度下景观结构变量与卵寄生率分析表明,1.5 km尺度下的林地与二化螟卵寄生蜂有着密切关系。低于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率随林地面积增加而降低;而在高于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生率随林地面积增加而增加。综上所述,对于中国南方的小规模稻田景观,林地比例与二化螟卵寄生率有关,但相关效应并非单一地增加或减少的线性响应。研究结果可为南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂提供简便、有效的评估方法,并为综合利用二化螟卵寄生蜂控害功能,发展二化螟生防策略提供参考依据。     

FAAS法测定原生态硒米中的微量元素铁和镍

[目的]测定黔东南苗族侗族自治州原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量。[方法]采用正交试验优化仪器最佳工作条件,湿法消解硒米样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定微量元素铁和镍。[结果]原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量分别为8.00和0.50 mg/kg。[结论]该研究方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低。     

Potential gene flow from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility

BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F₁ hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F₁ plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry