冬瓜相对性状遗传规律初探

利用相对性状明显的高世代纯合冬瓜材料正、反交及测交配组,对冬瓜果实皮色、长度、种子及瓜瓤类型等相对性状进行遗传规律的初步研究.结果显示,白皮对黑皮、有棱籽对无棱籽为完全显性,而果实长度和瓜瓤类型为数量性状遗传.     

生态因子对白蜡虫泌蜡关系的研究

１９９１－１９９５年分别在温 甸，北亚热带昆明，南亚热带景东，热带景洪地区设备进行白蜡虫放养实验，探讨不同生态因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的关系。研究表明：温带、亚热带地区白蜡虫能正常生长发育，雄虫泌蜡正常，产蜡也好；但热带地区的３－５月由于高温干旱，     

微生物清防蜡提高原油采收率技术的研究与现场应用

试验室经分离得到了 5株能以蜡为唯一碳源生长的微生物菌种 ,在室内对其生长、降粘、降凝、清蜡等性能进行评价后 ,应用于克拉玛依油田进行清防蜡现场实验。结果表明 ,混合菌的清防蜡效果显著 ,11口井在 4个月试验期共增产原油 5 14 8.6t,节约热洗 36次 ,创直接经济效益 36 0 .4× 10 4元。成功地解决了该区块油井结蜡严重、热洗周期短、生产管理难度大、成本高的生产问题     

清蜡技术在中洛管道上的应用

分析了中洛管道受打孔盗油等因素影响结蜡和凝管的原因.介绍了中洛管道清蜡的具体步骤,比较了其清蜡效果.结果表明,在输油管道停输再启动的基础上,定期对管道进行清蜡,可有效提高管道输送能力.     

广西黑皮冬瓜疫病的病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

 Isolate PD1 of Phytophthora was isolated from diseased black pericarp wax gourd in Guangxi in 2005. The morphological and biological characters of the isolate were examined, and its sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS was analyzed. The range of growth temperature of the isolate was 10-37℃ and the optimal one was 31℃. The pathogen was sensitive to 10 mg/kg of malachite green, and its ability for starch utilization was weak. A wide host range of the pathogen was confirmed by artificial inoculation. The sizes of sporangia were (37.5-71.7) μm×(20.8-47.5) μm (av. 55.0 μm×30.4 μm). Microcycle conidiation of the pathogen was observed. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker based on its morphological and biological characters as well as ribosomal DNA-ITS sequence.     

不同年代主栽冬小麦品种蜡质含量与生理指标的关系

为明确不同水分处理下不同年代主栽冬小麦品种在生育后期蜡质含量与主要生理指标的关系,选择建国以来河南中北部麦区不同年代主栽的6个冬小麦品种为试验材料,设置三个水分处理：W0,返青后不灌水;W1,拔节期灌水;W2,拔节和灌浆期分别灌水,研究了不同灌水下灌浆期冬小麦旗叶蜡质含量、气体交换参数以及籽粒产量和水分利用效率等指标变化。结果表明：旗叶表面蜡质含量与光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势和籽粒产量极显著负相关,与叶片温度呈极显著正相关,与叶片WUE和产量水平WUE相关不显著。在品种更替过程中,冬小麦旗叶蜡质含量先增加后降低,20世纪70—80年代品种蜡质含量最高,比其它年代品种高14.4%～86.9%,而籽粒产量比90年代后品种降低6.6%～23.0%,叶片WUE比其它年代品种降低11.8%～17.9%,产量水平WUE比90年代后品种降低6.8%～22.0%。水分胁迫增加了旗叶表面蜡质含量,使得旗叶光合速率降低,CO₂同化作用减弱,同化产物输出减少,最终引起籽粒产量降低。     

植物表皮蜡质合成转运调控相关基因与干旱响应的研究进展

植物表皮蜡质在植物抵御生物和非生物胁迫中起着重要的作用。通过表皮蜡质的组成、结构、转运调控机制和分子机理的研究,探索增加植物的抗旱性已成热点思路。综述了植物在抵御干旱胁迫过程中表皮蜡质的分子、进化和生理机制,为增加农作物的抗干旱能力,提高农作物的质量和产量奠定理论基础。     

热油管道清蜡周期的抛物线计算模型

在热油管道输送过程中,结蜡现象严重影响原油输送的经济性与安全性,合理制定热油管道清蜡周期是确保管道正常运行的关键。通过分析不同含蜡量、含胶量、含水率的原油结蜡强度随温度变化的规律,拟合出温度与结蜡强度抛物线的关系式,结合析蜡温度建立了热油管道结蜡强度通用抛物线数学模型和清蜡周期计算公式,可实现对不同含蜡量、含胶量、含水率、析蜡温度下热油管道清蜡周期的量化计算,进而为原油特性相近的热油管道制定合理的清蜡周期,确保输油管道正常运行。该方法在西吐孜科尔油田—库木克尔油田的热油管道进行了实例应用,合理调整了管道清管周期,管道运行安全可靠,为热油管道清蜡周期的确定提供了技术支持。(图3,表1,参22)     

Non-invasive assessment of glossiness and polishing of the wax bloom of European plum

A number of fruit including plums develop a pronounced conspicuous layer of epicuticular wax responsible for their attractive visual appearance. During harvest, packaging and transport, this protective layer may be damaged or removed. The resulting appearance generates the impression of poor fruit quality. The aim of this research was to analyse and compare the influence of this wax bloom on storability using a new non-invasive technology and three modifications of the fruit surface. Weight loss was recorded of plums with the natural wax layer, polished by hand or wax removed chemically and stored at 20 °C room temperature or in a refrigerator at 5 °C. With 9.2 mg epicuticular wax/fruit or 302 μg/cm² surface, European plums were classified as highly waxy, which contributed to for their conspicuous wax bloom. The disappearance of the wax bloom viz. increase in glossiness, measured non-destructively with a special sensor, was associated with a doubling of luster levels from 150–250 arbitrary units (a.u.) to 300–600 a.u. after polishing, simulating postharvest handling. Luster levels decreased with time with the polished surface, but not with the natural wax layer, confirming the concomitant greatest weight loss during the 20 days storage of polished fruit. Weight loss was lowest in plums with the natural wax layer, refrigerated at 5 °C, while those stored at 20 °C lost more weight irrespective of surface treatment. This case study explains the relatively short shelf-life and effects of water loss of the plums under different temperatures and surface conditions with wax, polish and chemically treated. This affordable compact light-weight sensor technology offers the opportunity to detect the degree of glossiness and may be used for sorting a number of affected fruit.     

蒜薹形态特征对其耐藏性的影响

通过石蜡切片、电子显微镜对不同产地的蒜薹结构进行了研究。不同产地蒜薹表面纹饰不同，但是，基本上都为球形排列成的较平行的条状，气孔排列走向与纹饰的走向相同。耐 CO_2和贮藏中不易老化、耐藏性强的广饶薹有小的珠 /蒜比和大的气孔开度，气孔中无阻塞物，紧实的组织结构。莒县薹耐藏性差与气孔被大量物质堵塞易造成组织内气体伤害以及周缘维管束和中央维管束发达有关。