魔芋包衣试管微球茎的研究进展*

 魔芋包衣试管微球茎是一种新型的包衣种子,对优质魔芋推广和产业化生产具有巨大的推动作用。主要叙述了魔芋试管微球茎的培育、选择、包衣剂的配制、在包衣过程中应注意的问题、包衣试管微球茎的优点和研究现状及应用前景。     

烯唑醇超微粉体种衣剂防治大麦主要病害的研究

采用5%烯唑醇超微粉体种衣剂处理大麦种子,研究该种衣剂对大麦主要病害的防治效果及对大麦生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,药种比1:400~500处理大麦种子,可提高大麦出苗率,调控幼苗生长,植株干重、鲜重显著增加;对大麦条纹病(Helminthosporium gramineum)、根腐病(Helminthosporium sativum)、散黑穗病(Ustilago nuda)的防病效果分别为90.4%~88.7%、90.1%~91.8%、100%~83%,增产16%~12%。     

环保型涂料发展趋势及管理现状

分析目前涂料的发展趋势,指出我国涂料行业管理中采用的法律法规,并就环保型涂料的检测指标进行探讨,以促进我国涂料健康持续的发展。     

食品中乳酸菌含量倾注法与涂布法结果差异性研究

选取不同品种含有乳酸菌的样品,分别使用倾注法和涂布法进行检测,比较所得结果有无差异性。同时分析了倾注法和涂布法的优缺点。     

Postharvest quality of peeled prickly pear fruit treated with acetic acid and chitosan

White (Opuntia albicarpa) and red (Opuntia ficus-indica) prickly pears were peeled and submerged in chitosan solutions containing different concentrations of acetic acid (1.0 or 2.5%) to obtain ready-to-eat prickly pear products. Some physicochemical (pH, total soluble solids, color, weight loss, and firmness), antioxidant (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity), microbiological (aerobic mesophile bacteria and yeasts plus molds), and sensory (color, firmness, aroma, flavor, and overall acceptance) characteristics were assessed during 16 d of storage at 4 ± 1 °C and 85 ± 5% of relative humidity. Chitosan coating containing 1.0% of acetic acid delayed weight loss, maintained firmness and color of white prickly pear during the storage time. Most of the sensory values for white prickly pear coated with chitosan containing 1.0 and 2.5% of acetic acid were higher than those obtained for uncoated fruit. Red prickly pear coated with chitosan with 2.5% acetic acid did not maintain its sensory quality throughout 16 d of storage. Chitosan coating with 1 and 2.5% acetic acid did not affect phenolics content and antioxidant activity in white prickly pears; however, an increase of these compounds was observed in red prickly pears. Microbe populations were unchanged in white prickly pears (<10 CFU g⁻¹) and slightly increased in red prickly pears (10–500 CFU g⁻¹) coated with chitosan during the entire storage time.     

种子包衣剂定量供给装置

提出了一种适用于种子包衣机的新型定时式包衣剂定量供给装置。该装置具有不用药勺,种药比调节范围大（２０～１２０）,调节方便,包衣剂定量准确等优点。     

鲜食玉米种子包衣对地下害虫的防控以及苗期生长发育的影响

为研究3种种衣剂对鲜食玉米主要地下害虫的防治效果以及对幼苗生长发育的影响,从而筛选出高效低毒的种衣剂。试验以京科甜183和京科糯2010为试验品种,比较了3.5%满适金＋30%锐胜、福亮（40%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂）和50亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌3种种衣剂的室内和田间试验结果。结果表明：各药剂处理对鲜食玉米均不产生药害,出苗安全,没有发现药害植株。种子包衣可提高种子活力和出苗率,其中在3.5%满适金＋30%锐胜处理下,京科甜183的发芽势和发芽率最高,分别达到91.5%和92.75%;京科糯2010在50亿/g球孢白僵菌的处理下发芽率达到最高,为93.00%,发芽势在3.5%满适金＋30%锐胜处理下达到最高,为91.50%。3种种衣剂都能促进幼苗的株高和干物质的积累。对于地下害虫的防治效果,其中50亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌对地下害虫的防治效果最好,对京科甜183和京科糯2010的地下害虫的防治效果达到79.67%和88.67%。为了既能促进植株生长发育又能很好的防治地下害虫,生产中推荐球孢白僵菌与低毒种衣剂菌药混用。     

Edible Corn‐zein‐based Coating Incorporated with Nisin or Lemongrass Essential Oil Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes on Cultured Hybrid Striped Bass,Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis,Fillets During Refrigerated and Frozen Storage

Listeria monocytogenes presents a serious threat to consumer safety because it is resistant to various food storage techniques, including reduced or modified atmosphere packaging, refrigerated storage, and increased salt concentration. Edible coatings incorporated with natural antimicrobials have been suggested to control pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on a variety of meat products. In this study, edible zein‐based coatings incorporated with nisin and lemongrass essential oil (LGEO; 8%) were evaluated for antibacterial action against L. monocytogenes and spoilage organisms on fresh, cultured hybrid striped bass, Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, under two storage conditions (refrigerated or frozen) and two packaging types (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and vacuum packing) over time. Corn‐zein‐based edible coatings were found to be an effective carrier for nisin and LGEO. Fillets coated with nisin showed the largest decrease in L. monocytogenes cell counts in both PVC and vacuum‐packaged samples in both refrigerated and frozen product, while fillets coated with LGEO showed intermediate inhibition of L. monocytogenes cell counts, with the strongest LGEO antibacterial effect being found in frozen product regardless of packaging. Both nisin and LGEO treatments were most effective in PVC‐packaged fillets compared to vacuum‐packaged fillets, but the difference in bacterial loads between packaging methods was minor. Bacterial loads on refrigerated product tended to increase slightly after 5‐d storage regardless of coating treatment or packaging, whereas bacterial loads on frozen product remained stable or decreased with time up to 60 d regardless of coating treatment or packaging. Data from the present study indicate that application of edible coatings incorporated with essential oils not only promotes food product safety but also may satisfy the preferences of consumers.     

种衣剂对山农饲玉7号玉米幼苗生长和相关酶活性的影响

以室内沙培法,测定了3种种衣剂对山农饲玉7号玉米幼苗生长的影响。结果显示:吡虫啉·戊唑醇(5%+0.4%)种衣剂(药种比为1∶ 100)处理山农饲玉7号后,幼苗期株高、初生根长和鲜重比对照分别提高了1.68 cm、2.44 cm和0.17 g,比毒死蜱·戊唑醇·福美双(5%+0.3%+15%)种衣剂作用明显,克百威·福美双·三唑酮(7%+7%+1%)种衣剂对其则有抑制作用。离体酶活性测定结果表明,吡虫啉·戊唑醇种衣剂处理使幼苗地上部分和地下部分抗病性相关酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高了47.1%和100.2%,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性分别提高了59.5%和58.6%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别降低了54.0%和26.2%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性也有不同程度的提高。结果表明:5.4%吡·戊种衣剂在试验剂量下能够显著提高山农饲玉7号幼苗期多种抗逆防病相关酶活性,对幼苗生长促进作用显著。     

种衣剂对玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲的防效评价

为评价种衣剂防治玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲的可行性,通过选用内吸性强、持效期长的种衣剂,设置常规剂量对玉米种子进行包衣处理,采取田间罩网小区试验,明确种衣剂对双斑长跗萤叶甲的防效及对玉米出苗、生长的安全性。结果表明,30%噻虫嗪FS、10%氟虫腈FSC、38%噻虫胺FSC、40%噻虫嗪·溴氰虫酰胺FS、30%噻虫嗪·氟虫腈FSC、30%噻虫胺·氟虫腈FSC、20%噻虫胺·氟啶虫酰胺FSC等7种种衣剂对玉米出苗、生长均安全;38%噻虫胺FSC有效成分用量7.6 g/kg种子处理对双斑长跗萤叶甲的防治效果为70.6%～78.5%,防效最好,显著高于除30%噻虫胺·氟虫腈FSC 7.5 g/kg处理外的其他种衣剂处理(P<0.05),并且可使双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫羽化出土始现期、出土高峰期推迟5～10 d,可以使成虫高峰期避开玉米吐丝期。玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲防控前移推荐使用38%噻虫胺FSC,有效成分剂量为7.6 g/kg种子。