深圳市东部供水系统优化配置方案

针对深圳市东部供水系统的特点，应用大系统分解聚合分析的原理和方法，建立了东部水库群联合供水优化调度二层递阶模型，并根据各层次数学模型的不同特点给出了相应的求解方法，得出了合理的结果，为深圳市水资源优化调度提供了一种有效的决策工具。     

水源工程环境影响评价研究

论述了水源工程对水库库区的永久性影响、周期性影响及临时影响和变化 ,对下游河道及河口三角洲地带的影响 ,气候因素对生物的影响 ,土壤因素对生物的影响及水环境因素对生物的影响等。分析了水源工程对环境影响的评价内容、环境因子识别及权重分析、综合评价及评价指标等。在目前加强水资源开发利用及环境建设成为共识的情况下 ,具有重要的现实意义。     

One-dimensional Water Flow Modeling for Chongqing Region at Two Typical Storage Levels in the Three-Gorges Reservoir

The one-dimensional flow model based on Saint-Venant equation is developed.Then,it is applied to calculate the holistic hydraulic characteristics in the natural condition of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing region,which is the 500 km-long mainstream beginning at Cuntan and ending at the boundary of Chongqing.Further,the model is applied to predict the hydraulic characteristics of the calculating zone at the time of the second stage of the dam construction(156 m storage level at the dam) and the completion of the project(175 m storage level at the dam).When the reservoir is operated at the storage level of 156m,the river-width of most corss-section increasing 2 times and the cross-section average velocity is reduced by 2/3 compared with these in the natural condition.When the reservoir is operated at the storage level of 175 m,the river-width of most cross-section increasing 2.5 times and the cross-section average velocity is reduced by 3/4 compared with these in the natural condition.The validating result indicates that the model properly reflectes the holistic hydraulic characteristics.This model is an effective tool for the assessment of the environmental impacts of the Three Gorges operated at the different storage level.     

Study on Bed Load in the Changing Backwater-area of the Three Gorges Reservoir

In this paper, based on data of field measurement, physical model & math model, an analysis on bed load in the changing backwater-area of the three gorges reservoir is carried out. The unrecognized problems on bed load of the research achievements up to now were brought forward.     

Key Problems Controlling the Geological Hazards in the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area

The geological hazards poses a serious challenge to the ecological system in the region of the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, including landslides, rockfalls, debris flow and water quality control. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the key problems in controlling the geological hazards in the Three-Gorge reservoir area with focus on problems of landslides and rockfalls, and proposes solution measures in four main aspects: 1) development of reliable laboratory testing and field monitoring equipment and technology which can measure the hydro-mechanical properties of potential sliding surfaces, so to determinate the shear strength of a sliding landmass and its controlling parameters, especially over long periods of time and varying hydraulic conditions; 2) development of reliable methods of characterization of the water-level fluctuations of the reservoir as well as the vulnerable landmasses on its banks, and to standardize the methods for stability assessment of rockfalls and landslides with site specific geological and climatic conditions, and to provide the theoretic al foundations for predicting landmass movements and engineering measures for their prevention; 3) development of reliable in situ long-term monitoring technologies which can automatically and continuously collect the varied changes of key physical parameters controlling the evolution of moving landmasses, so to prepare the pre-sliding warning alarm information in time; 4) development of theoretical analysis tools based on the modern theory of nonlinear and irreversible processes, which is used to study the failure mechanism of rockfalls and landslides and their control methods.     

解决水土流失与水库淤积的有效途径

土壤退化的主要原因之一是水土流失 ,即富含营养的土壤由地表向江河湖海迁移。水库的建设截获了部分流失的土壤。目前全国水库已累计淤积了 2 0 6 1亿 t土壤 ,相当于储备了 16 .488亿 t的氮 -磷 -钾资源。对内蒙古留宝窑水库淤积物的调查分析表明 ,水库淤积物中营养成分高出当地土壤数倍 ,因此认为将淤积物就地用作改良土壤的添加剂很有前景     

山西漳泽水库淤泥资源利用的分析与评价

通过对漳泽水库沉积40余年淤泥的6种重金属含景和淤泥养分含量分析，并对淤泥重金属进行单因子评价和多因子综合评价以及对淤泥养分含量评价的结果可知，淤泥重金属单因子评价Pi〈1，属清洁级，淤泥重金属多因子综合评价Pi〈0．7，属安全、清洁级，该淤泥在农业上的使用符合无公害要求。该淤泥有机质含量很高，有机质占Ⅰ级的百分率达到100％，有效钾含量占Ⅰ级的百分率达到80％，此外淤泥还含有一些氮、磷等速效养分，可用于制作肥料和改良低产土壤，也可在园林、花卉、绿地上使用。     

宜昌市三峡库区水土流失综合治理及其成效

宜昌市长江上游水土保持重点防治区三峡库区土地总面积 8372 km2 ,其中土壤侵蚀面积 4 710 .2 2km2 ,占 5 6 .2 6 %。这里山高坡陡 ,降雨集中 ,崩塌、滑坡频繁 ,移民迁建任务重 ,水土流失严重。选择坡改梯、经果林基地作为突破口 ,实施点、线、面措施优化布局 ,达到条、块、带状分布格局 ,建成了综合防治体系 ,优化了土地利用结构和农业生产结构 ,水土流失得到初步控制 ,生态环境明显改善 ,具有特色的茶、柑等支柱产业发展迅速 ,有力地促进了社会经济的可持续发展     

官厅水库流域产流产沙变化规律及其影响因素研究

官厅水库是我国在多沙河流上修建的第一座大型水库，探讨水库上游流域的产流产沙规律对水库的运行和管理具有重要的理论和现实意义。对官厅水库流域产流产沙的变化规律进行了研究，结果表明：20世纪50年代是官厅水库上游流域的丰水、丰沙期，以后随着时间的推移，流域产流量和产沙量逐渐减少，造成官厅水库上游流域产流量和产沙量变化的主要因素是降雨和人类活动两方面的因素。     

三峡库区经济发展与生态环境的时空耦合特征

[目的]研究经济发展与生态环境之间的关系,为长江经济带高质量发展和三峡库区经济与生态协调发展提供政策参考。[方法]以三峡库区重庆段为研究区域,基于脱钩模型对2006—2018年经济与生态环境"脱钩状态"(分为绝对脱钩、相对脱钩、临界状态、耦合状态)进行判定。结合探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)法,运用ArcGIS, OpenGeoDa软件对脱钩状态相关数据进行空间差异及格局演化特征分析。[结果]三峡库区重庆段整体的脱钩系数偏低,空间相关性较弱;在2006—2010年和2014—2018年脱钩系数主要表现出空间正相关,2010—2014年期间主要表现出空间负相关;从局部空间自相关(LISA)图分析得出,研究区各区县之间的脱钩状态显著性较弱;研究区在3个研究时间段的脱钩状态呈现出显著的倒"V"型发展趋势。[结论]2006—2018年来,三峡库区经济发展与生态环境耦合特征波动较大,亟需进一步深入研究并制定相关整治措施。