永定县森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

依据LY/T1721-2008森林生态系统服务功能评估规范,采用永定县2007年森林资源规划设计调查资料,对永定县森林生态系统服务功能价值进行评估,结果表明:2007年永定县森林生态服务总价值为1664595.69万元,是当年全县GDP的2.18倍,其中涵养水源价值为757475.88万元,保育土壤价值为264336.36万元,固碳释氧价值为385485.56万元,积累营养物质价值为27510.74万元,净化大气环境价值为60370.20万元,生物多样性保护为169416.95万元,研究结果将为永定县森林生态建设提供科学依据。     

衰退对云冷杉林表层土壤水分异质性的影响

利用传统统计学与地统计学相结合的方法对小兴安岭谷地不同衰退程度云冷杉林表层土壤(0～20cm)水分空间异质性和格局进行研究。结果表明,衰退明显增加了林地表层平均水分的含量,不同衰退程度的云冷杉林地之间表层土壤水分含量均有极显著差异(p0.01)。半方差函数分析结果表明,随着衰退程度的增加,使得平均块金值、基台值增大,空间结构比随着衰退程度的增加而减小。云冷杉林表层土壤水分含量具有高度的空间异质性,其空间异质性以空间自相关部分为主,从占总空间异质性的99%减小到71%;各向异性分析也表明,不同衰退程度的云冷杉林地表层土壤水分在各方向上为各向同性,表明土壤水分变化是独立、随机、同质性的;其空间格局有明显的差异,随着衰退程度的增加,分数维变大,斑块形状复杂程度增大,表层土壤水分空间分布格局明显破碎化。     

小黑山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能及价值评估

以小黑山自然保护区的森林生态系统为研究对象,采用影子工程法、机会成本法、市场价值法等研究方法,对其生态系统服务功能的直接价值和间接价值进行了评估.结果表明,小黑山自然保护区的生态系统服务功能价值达10.52×108元/a,其中直接价值为5 406.89×104元/a,仅占服务功能总价值的5.14%,而间接价值高达99 825.04×104元/a,两者之比为1∶18.46.间接价值中大小顺序依次为:涵养水源水土保持维持生物多样性固碳释氧净化空气科研文化.小黑山自然保护区对维持当地社会经济可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用.     

大小兴安岭生态功能区生态补偿研究

在分析大小兴安岭生态功能区生态地位和生态补偿现状的基础上,从生态补偿的目标、方式、标准、时限、资金的募集等方面设计了大小兴安岭生态功能区生态补偿框架,可为生态功能区生态补偿体系的建立提供参考。     

改进遗传算法求解作业车间提前/拖期调度问题

为解决作业车间提前/拖期调度问题,提出一个以最小惩罚为目标的改进遗传算法。该算法采用双染色体矩阵编码方式,利用部分映射交叉重排算子对父代个体进行交叉操作,提供了一种可以保留较高适应度个体的记忆功能,并利用爬山算法对记忆库进行更新,提高算法的局部搜索能力及收敛速度。仿真实验表明,与其他算法相比,该算法的搜索效率更高,收敛性能更好,求解的调度方案更优。     

Heme oxygenase-1 protects renal function in septic rats via influencing expression of thrombomodulin

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on the kidney of septic rats and the influence of HO-1 on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) in the kidney. METHODS: Sepsis in rats was developed with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The septic rats were randomly divided into sham group, CLP group, CLP+HO-1 inducer group and CLP+HO-1 inhibitor group (n=18). The plasma levels of creatinine (Cr), cystatin-C (Cys-C), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TM, and the changes of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in each group were measured. Histopathological examination was performed in the kidney. The expression of TM in the kidney tissue was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, significantly elevated plasma levels of Cr, Cys-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and TM (P<0.05), shortened PT and APTT (P<0.05), significantly increased microthrombus formation, and lowered TM expression in the kidney (P<0.05) of CLP group were observed. The administration of hemin lowered the plasma levels of Cr, Cys-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and TM (P<0.05), prolonged PT and APTT (P<0.05), attenuated microthrombus formation, and up-regulated the expression of TM in the kidney (P<0.05). In contrast, ZnPP had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: HO-1 increases the expression of TM in the kidney and exerts anticoagulatory and antiinflammatory effects, thereby improving renal function in the septic rats.     

高种植密度条件下玉米杂交种耐密性鉴选指标及评价方法

采用种植密度8.25万株/hm~2和10.5万/hm~2两个种植密度,以28个玉米杂交种为材料,测定植株形态、物质积累、光合特性、穗部性状及单株产量等相关指标,探讨准确有效鉴定玉米杂交种的耐密性指标及方法。利用相对值变异系数较大的指标作为杂交种耐密性强弱的鉴选和评价指标,再利用以指标归一化的变异系数作为权重的模糊隶属函数综合评价方法对28个玉米杂交种的耐密性进行评价。结果表明,以各指标相对值的变异系数(CV≥15%)为标准,筛选出相对茎粗、相对SPAD值、相对Pn、相对干物质量、相对秃尖长、相对行粒数和相对单株产量7个主要指标作为耐密性的评价指标。以7个主要指标归一化变异系数为权重对28个杂交种的耐密性进行模糊隶属函数综合评价,筛选出耐密性较强的杂交种为利民33、登海618、瑞普908、华美1号、KWS2564等,耐密性较弱的杂交种四单19、科河8号、丰田6号、陇单339等。利用主成分分析法进一步验证,得出耐密性强和耐密性弱的前5个品种的重合度均为90%。     

基于神经网络的多功能收割机发动机性能仿真及优化

随着全球经济和工业的快速发展,能源危机和环境保护问题越来越突出,传统内燃式发动机受到了巨大冲击,因此研究高效、节能的发动机显得尤为重要。为此,研究一种压缩比为10.6多功能收割机,并设计了基于MatLab仿真平台的GT-Power神经网络模型,利用神经网络训练和测试的数据自动进行仿真和储存,采用拉丁超立方采样算法设计试验,简化运算过程提高寻优效率。实验结果表明:神经网络模型转矩、比油耗和温度等参数模型预测误差很小、精度很高,可用于多功能收割机发动机的性能预测,使其各项指标参数最优化。     

基于三维Copula函数的沙颍河流域水文干旱频率分析

为进一步研究水文干旱特征及其演变规律,选取沙颍河流域2个水文站1951—2008年逐月径流资料,采用游程理论提取水文干旱特征变量,选取4种对称Archimedean Copula函数和对应的非对称Archimedean Copula函数拟合干旱特征变量的联合分布并计算联合重现期和同现重现期。经拟合检验,Frank Copula对干旱特征变量二维联合分布的拟合效果最优,M3 Copula函数对三维干旱变量的联合分布拟合效果最优。干旱特征的单变量重现期值大于二、三维变量的联合重现期,小于二、三维变量的同现重现期。因此,Copula函数能够较好地拟合沙颍河流域水文干旱特征变量间的联合分布。     

Effect of organic amendment amount on soil nematode community structure and metabolic footprints in soybean phase of a soybean-maize rotation on Mollisols

It has been well documented that organic amendment affects soil nematode community structure. However, little is known about the effect of organic amendment amount on soil nematodes. To assess the effect of the amount of organic amendments on soil nematode community structure and metabolic activity, the community composition, abundance, and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes were determined in a long-term field experiment with various amounts of organic amendment in Northeast China. Fertilization treatments included an unfertilized control (CK), chemical fertilizer without manure amendment (OM₀), manure applied at 7.5 Mg ha^-1 plus chemical fertilizer (OM₁), and manure applied at 22.5 Mg ha^-1 plus chemical fertilizer (OM₂). A total of 46 nematode genera were found. Treatments with the largest amount of organic amendment had the smallest number of plant parasite genera (5), but a largest number of dominant genera (7). Soil nematodes, bacterivores, and fungivores were the most abundant in OM₂, followed by OM₁, and the lowest in OM₀ and CK. Organic amendment increased the enrichment index (EI), and the large amount of organic amendment increased the metabolic footprints of bacterivore (Baf) and fungivore (Fuf) and enrichment footprint (Ef). The relationships between Baf (or Fuf) and the increases in soil organic carbon (ΔSOC) and total nitrogen (ΔTN) were stronger than those of bacterivore (or fungivore) abundance with ΔSOC and ΔTN, except for the relationship between bacterivore abundance and ΔSOC. The EI and Ef were positively correlated with ΔSOC and ΔTN. These findings suggest that the amount of organic amendment affects soil nematode activity and function at entry levels in soil food web, and that metabolic footprints of soil nematodes may be better indicators than their abundances in assessing their relationships with soil nutrients.