绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂对番茄灰霉病的防治效果

本文通过对峙培养,菌间交互作用机制观察及拮抗菌培养液对病菌生长影响的测定,探讨绿色木霉菌对番茄灰霉病菌的拮抗作用及其作用机制.室内及田间试验表明,绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂300～600倍液,对番茄灰霉病的防效为83%～95%,且对作物安全;其对病原茵的抑制作用是通过代谢产物(酶或有毒物质)的作用表现出来的.     

青光安颗粒剂对自发型青光眼小鼠眼压的影响

目的 研究青光安颗粒剂在青光眼中对眼压的影响。方法 选用不同月龄共30只DBA/2J雌性小鼠,根据月龄采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组10只,20眼。分为正常对照组（3月龄）、模型对照组（9月龄）、青光安组（9月龄）。正常对照组与模型对照组每日以相同量蒸馏水灌胃;青光安组每日以青光安灌胃。3组均以常规饲料喂养。利用经前房注入/抽吸系统进行眼压测量,分别以2.5、5 μL/min的速率继续进行灌注,计算房水流畅系数和房水流出阻力。结果 自6月龄开始,小鼠眼压轻微上升,随着月龄的增加而逐步上升,9月龄时显著升高;青光安颗粒剂灌胃后所得眼压较模型组均有不同程度降低（P<0.05）,房水流畅系数均明显增加（P<0.01）,房水流出阻力均降低（P<0.01）。结论 青光安颗粒剂能通过影响房水动力学因素达到降低青光眼眼压的作用。     

Epicuticular Wax of the First Leaves of Two Barley Cultivars Studied by Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy

Chemical fixation and critical point drying of plant tissue prior to scanning electron microscopy often degrades the outermost layer of the specimen, i.e. the epicuticular wax. Knowledge of the unaltered wax, including its morphology, is important because the wax constitutes the interface between the plant and its surroundings. Having worked previously with barley leaves (anatomy, infection biology of pathogens), we found it of interest to examine and describe the wax morphology on barley leaves and to determine whether or not there were differences between cultivars. Hence, the morphology of the epicuticular wax on the first leaf of two spring barley cultivars has been studied by scanning electron microscopy following cryofixation.
The wax on both cultivars consists chiefly of scales with a small proportion of rods and granules. There is little variation in wax morphology over each leaf side, and only minor differences between the abaxial and adaxial sides of the same leaf. Distinct differences are, however, observed between the two cultivars, especially regarding the thickness and the shape of the wax scales. The wax bodies cover the entire surface of a leaf except for parts of trichomes and guard cells, and some scattered wax free areas.
The morphology and distribution of wax are discussed in relation to studies made on barley leaves using different techniques. Also, the implications of wax morphology for disease resistance are briefly discussed.     

乌锦颗粒剂的急性毒性与亚慢性毒性试验研究

本研究旨在评价乌锦颗粒剂的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。试验分别以昆明小鼠和Wistar大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究。急性毒性试验结果显示,乌锦颗粒剂的半数致死量(LD₅₀)>40 g/kg体重,最大给药量为160 g/kg体重,相当于临床用药量的80倍;在亚慢性毒性试验中,动物一般情况正常,试验组Wistar大鼠增重和饲料消耗量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组中雌鼠血清胆红素(T-BIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)及雄鼠CREA和肝脏指数均有显著差异(P<0.05),而其他指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组Wistar大鼠血常规、血液生化指标和脏器指数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);病理学检查发现高剂量组Wistar大鼠肝脏出现轻微颗粒变性,其他组Wistar大鼠组织结构清晰正常。结果表明,高剂量的乌锦颗粒剂能抑制肝脏对游离胆红素的摄入及蛋白质的合成;低剂量和中剂量乌锦颗粒剂此作用不明显。综合分析,乌锦颗粒剂临床用药是安全的。     

印楝油两性不育灭鼠颗粒剂对小鼠摄食系数与抗生育作用

鼠害一直影响我国林业的发展,传统的灭鼠药物由于对环境的破坏过大且有长期毒副残留的危害,因而现有灭鼠制剂已逐渐开始向天然灭鼠剂转变,其中通过抗生育机制控制害鼠的繁殖力度是一     

绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂防治黄瓜枯萎病及作用机理初探

室内及田问试验表明,绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂对黄瓜枯萎病有良好的防治效果.处理浓度300～600倍液对黄瓜枯萎病的防效为81.00%～88.89%.且对作物安全.绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂对黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗作用方式为位点竞争、营养竞争和抗生作用.     

不同HMW-GSs组成小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性对面团稳定时间的影响

【目的】小麦面团由面筋蛋白形成的细丝包裹淀粉构成。面团的流变学特性影响着食品的加工品质。探究淀粉理化特性对面团流变学特性的影响,为阐明淀粉在面团中的作用提供理论依据。【方法】以12个小麦品种或品系为试验材料,这12个试验材料具有3种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GSs)组合,新麦26、济麦44、西农615和藁城8901的亚基组合为1、7+8、5+10;西农221、西农979、西农633和西农059的亚基组合为1、7+8、2+12;15(85)2A、14(417)0-0^-10、小偃22和周麦18的亚基组合为1、7+9、2+12。从试验材料的面粉中提取淀粉并用扫描电子显微镜观察淀粉粒形态,测定并分析淀粉理化性质(淀粉粒分布、直链淀粉含量、相对结晶度、短程有序度和热特性)和面团混揉特性(形成时间和稳定时间)。【结果】12个材料淀粉颗粒中,大淀粉粒呈不规则的椭圆形,小淀粉粒呈不规则椭圆形或多面体。新麦26、济麦44、藁城8901、西农221、西农979和西农059淀粉粒排列紧密,西农615、西农633、15(85)2A、14(417)0-0^-10、小...     

20%印楝素水分散粒剂的配方研究

通过对润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、黏结剂等助剂的筛选,确定了20%印楝素水分散粒剂的最佳配方(以质量分数计)为:有效成分质量分数为40%的印楝素干粉50%,润湿剂拉开粉3%,分散剂萘磺酸甲醛缩合物(NNO)为5%,崩解剂硫酸铵为4%,乳化剂0201B为5%,黏结剂聚乙烯醇0.1%,填料为白炭黑。进一步确定了该制剂的配制方法及生产工艺,测定了产品的性能。结果表明,该产品分散性好,悬浮率大于90%,润湿时间小于20 s,崩解时间小于2 min,(54±2)℃、14 d后的热贮分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药相互配伍对鸡大肠杆菌的作用研究

为了探讨四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药体外相互配伍抗菌活性。采用微管-平板法测定试验药物抗鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),肉汤稀释棋盘法测定四黄止痢颗粒中六味中药相互配伍15个药对抗鸡大肠杆菌的协同指数(SI)及呈现协同作用时组方中各味中药的配比。结果表明：六味中药水提物中,黄连抗鸡大肠杆菌的活性最强,MIC为125 mg/mL;配伍呈现协同作用的药对有4对,其中黄芩与黄柏配伍的SI为0.27,配比为8:1,MIC为31.3 mg/mL;黄芩与黄连配伍,SI为0.63,配比为1:2,MIC为62.5 mg/mL;黄芩与甘草配伍的SI为0.25,配比为1:4,MIC为125 mg/mL;黄芩与大黄配伍的SI为0.38,配比为1:2,MIC为125 mg/mL。本试验依据体外联合抗菌活性获得4对中药配比,为四黄止痢颗粒复方的拆方研究奠定基础。     

Influence of Mean Size on Ammonia Removal of the Aerobic Granules

Aerobic granules with mean sizes of 1300μm and 900μm were seeded with nitrifying activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) in this study. The results show that ammonia removal efficiency of the small-size granules increased to 90% within 2 weeks, while big-size granules got to the same level in 3 weeks. It is speculated that small-size granules had greater increasing nitrification rate for their bigger surface area and greater absorption ability when seeded with nitrifying activated sludge, which caused fast seeding of nitrifying bacteria in R2. Through cycle analysis, it shows that it took about 2.5h for the both reactors to remove ammonia in the system, though the nitrification rate in R1 (0.033d-1 ) is lower that that of R2 (0.033d-1 ). The higher biomass concentration in R1 (10g/l) than that in R2 (6g/l) explains. At the same, it was found that total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency in R1 was higher than that in R2, i.e. 64.7% vs. 57.3%, which was resulted from the bigger anoxic zone in R1.