15%毒死蜱颗粒剂配方及小试工艺探索

通过试验筛选出15%毒死蜱颗粒剂的优选配方及小试工艺。采用浸渍法工艺,分别探索天然载体和人工挤压造粒载体,制备高含量的缓释型颗粒剂产品的优选配方及小试工艺条件。产品质量稳定合格,颗粒流动性好,热贮(54±2℃,14d)分解率≤5%,破碎率≤10%,配方对载体材料的适应性良好,可满足不同生产成本及缓释用途的用药需求。     

桑杏平喘颗粒的亚慢性毒性研究

本试验旨在了解桑杏平喘颗粒的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选用健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分成4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组20只,雌雄各半。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组分别以桑杏平喘颗粒煎剂相当于30、15、3 g/kg体重(按照原药材计)灌胃给药,连续给药30 d,记录体重变化,在给药10、20、30 d后采血,测定血常规指标,30 d时取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏称重并计算脏器系数,制作心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏组织切片,进行病理组织学检查。试验结果表明,桑杏平喘颗粒对动物机体影响较小,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中兽药制剂。     

Physicochemical control of durum wheat grain filling and glutenin polymer assembly under different temperature regimes

Durum wheat is grown in the Mediterranean area where drought and high temperature frequently prevail and impact grain texture, composition and yield. The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of high temperature on grain development and final composition according to the timing of exposure. High temperature (up to 27.5 °C) was applied either during the linear grain filling or drying phases or during whole grain development. The dynamics of grain dry mass, water, glutenin polymers, and protein bodies during grain development were determined. Irrespective of high temperature timing, the arrest of grain filling was observed at 45.9% grain moisture content. At that point, starch granules included in endosperm cells reached their physical packing limit, limiting further deposits. HT applied before physiological maturity shortened the duration of grain filling and resulted in a significant increase in grain protein concentration and in the proportion of vitreous grain. Late formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-insoluble glutenin polymers below 32% grain moisture content was also favored. The ability of wheat storage protein to form a viscoelastic matrix embedding starch granules at the beginning of grain desiccation is proposed to be mandatory for gaining vitreous grains and a high proportion of SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers.     

桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠部分生化指标的影响

本试验旨在了解桑杏平喘颗粒的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选用健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分成4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组20只,雌雄各半,对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组分别以桑杏平喘颗粒煎剂,相当于原药材3、15、30 g/kg体重灌胃给药,连续给药30 d,在给药10、20、30 d采血,测定血清中部分生化功能指标。试验结果表明,桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏功能的影响较小,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。     

苯醚甲环唑70%水分散粒剂制备研究

本文主要研究润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、填料等因素对苯醚甲环唑70%水分散粒剂性能的影响,确定了苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的配方组成,以及把新型助剂加入配方中对配方的影响进行了研究。试验表明,该产品悬浮率超过85%,具有良好的物理和化学稳定性,新型助剂性能还需进一步改善。     

Methods of adding micronutrients to a NPK formulation and maize development

Micronutrients are essential for plant development; however, micronutrient content in soil often is not sufficient. This study compared availability of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the soil and their effect in developing maize plants, supplied from a physical mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) granules and micronutrients or from a granulated mixture of NPK coated with these micronutrients. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a Rhodic Acrustox soil and the formulation 4-30-10 [nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)] with 0.1% B, 0.2% Cu, 0.2% Mn, and 0.3% Zn. A randomized block design with four replicates was used and the NPK formula doses used were 0, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 kg/ha. Coated NPK increased Zn levels in soil in 0.5 mg/dm³ in relation to its initial content, also causing an increase in plant dry matter. Compared with mixture, this increase was more than three times greater. Cu and Zn accumulation and Zn absorption were greater when their supply was made via coated granules. The larger dose of B via coated granules resulted in a greater B accumulation in comparison to the mixture. No differences were observed for the other variables when comparing both sources. Coating NPK granules with micronutrients was better than the mixture when comparing B, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the soil. Dry matter production of maize shoots and the accumulation of B, Mn, Cu, and Zn in it was greater when the fertilizer was coated with micronutrients.     

应用正交设计优化天马颗粒剂配方的实验研究

目的 优化天马颗粒剂的最佳配方。方法 天马颗粒剂的17味药物按L20（2¹⁷）正交表分为20组,并通过对20组大鼠灌胃获取含药血清。用5%、10%、20%含药血清分别对人大肠癌细胞HCT8、HCT116、HT29、COLO320、SW480、SW620干预24、48、72 h,CCK-8法检测细胞的吸光度,比较各组含药血清对细胞的增殖抑制率。结果 经直接分析和方差分析,原方中蜈蚣、全蝎、半边莲、黄柏、三棱、大黄、胆南星、海藻、黄芪、山药均在大肠癌细胞的增殖抑制中发挥主要作用（均P<0.05,P<0.01）,而其它药物则无明显作用（均P>0.05）。结论 根据正交设计优选天马颗粒剂的最佳配方为：蜈蚣、全蝎、半边莲、黄柏、三棱、大黄、胆南星、海藻、黄芪、山药。     

DMPP硝化抑制效果受其浓度、施用方式及土壤基质势的影响

The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors depends on soil properties and environmental conditions. The nitrification inhibitor 3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） was investigated in a sandy loam and a loamy soil to study its effectiveness as influenced by inhibitor concentration, application form, and soil matric potential. DMPP was applied with concentrations up to 34.6 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil as solution or as ammonium-sulfate/ammonium-nitrate granules formulated with DMPP. DMPP inhibited the oxidation of ammonium in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. When applied as solution, increasing DMPP concentrations up to 7 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil had no influence on the inhibition. The effectiveness of DMPP formulated as fertilizer granules was superior to the liquid application of DMPP and NH4^＋, particularly in the loamy soil. Without DMPP, a decline in soil matric potential down to -600 kPa decreased nitrification in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. DMPP was most effective in the sandy loam particularly under conditions of higher soil moisture, i.e., under conditions favorable for nitrate leaching.     

双黄败毒颗粒的高效毛细管电泳分析

建立了双黄败毒颗粒的高效毛细管电泳分析方法。对黄连、黄芩进行定性鉴别;并以对乙酰氨基酚为内标,对黄连中的小檗碱进行定量分析。熔融石英毛细管柱为53.5cm(有效长度45cm)×75μm,运行缓冲液为50mmol/L硼砂-甲醇-乙腈(8∶1∶1),压力进样15kPa.s,运行电压15kV,柱上检测波长为265nm和280nm,毛细管柱温25℃。毛细管区带电泳法对黄连、黄芩的定性鉴别无阴性干扰,专属性强。盐酸小檗碱进样浓度在10.05～160.8μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998,平均加样回收率为103.1%,RSD为3.6%。本方法简便、快速、可行,可用于双黄败毒颗粒的质量控制。     

烯丙苯噻唑和氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂研究及其对水稻苗期稻瘟病和纹枯病的防效

水稻苗期病害的发生及防治备受关注。为明确诱抗剂烯丙苯噻唑与杀菌剂氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂对水稻幼苗的安全性和对苗期病害的防治效果,研制了16%烯丙苯噻唑·氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂配方并检测了理化性质,采用高效液相色谱法检测了有效成分含量及其缓释效果,并测定了温室条件下烯丙苯噻唑对水稻幼苗的安全性,以及颗粒剂对水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,所制备颗粒剂的各项指标均符合国家相关标准要求。释放动态结果显示:杀菌剂氟唑环菌胺在V甲醇:V水=30:70的混合溶液中释放4 h后,累积释放率(质量分数)即达到峰值33%,且随后趋于稳定;而诱抗剂烯丙苯噻唑则在7 d后累积释放率方达到最高峰值;将两种有效成分复配可实现药剂对作物苗期病害的速效性与持效性协同作用。安全性试验显示,16%烯丙苯噻唑颗粒剂制剂用量不高于150 g/m2时对水稻幼苗安全。人工接菌条件下,试验剂量的烯丙苯噻唑可诱导水稻幼苗产生稳定的抗稻瘟病和纹枯病效果。16%烯丙苯噻唑·氟唑环菌胺颗粒剂对稻瘟病和纹枯病的防治效果在制剂用量150 g/m2剂量下最佳,分别为64.79%和68.32%,实现了1次用药同时防治两种病害的效果。研究结果可为诱抗剂与杀菌剂复配制剂的研发提供理论依据,同时可为缓释颗粒剂的田间科学施用提供参考。