贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价

应用SPSS统计软件,对贵州全省70个茶园土壤样品8项养分指标进行主成分分析,按累计贡献率达到85%以上提取了4个主成分,并求出各土壤养分的4个主成分综合得分。并对综合得分以欧氏距离为衡量土样间差异大小的指标,采用类平均法进行聚类分析。将70个土样分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级,第Ⅰ类为养分丰富型土壤,其各项养分指标最高,综合得分范围0.63≤F≤1.08,所占比例9.83%;第Ⅱ类为养分较丰富型土壤,其综合得分范围0.10≤F≤0.53,所占比例29.51%,相对Ⅰ类,有机质和全磷含量相对不足;第Ⅲ类茶园土壤肥力一般,其综合得分范围-0.32≤F≤0.02,所占比例36.07%;第Ⅳ类土壤各养分因子均缺乏,为养分缺乏型茶园土壤。     

高原地区农村储粮现状及对策

青海省作为全国四大牧区之一,粮食储藏条件差,技术落后,导致部分储粮损失。介绍了农村科学储粮的意义,总结了高原地区农村储粮现状,分析其损失的原因,并提出对策,以期为高原地区科学储粮提供参考。     

不同种类中国杉对土壤养分状况的影响

The effects of different types of Chinese fir stand,including those with varous composition (pure and mixed),in various cropping systems (first and continuous cropping system)and at different ages,on the nutrient status of soils the hilly regions of southern Anhui Province were studied by means of ecological sequential comparison on the basis of similar climate and soil type.The work was carried out in the Xiaoxi Forest Farm of Jingxian County and the Caijiaqiao Forest Farm of Jingde Coundy,where the soil is parayellow soil derived from phyllite and sandstone,The results revealed that with the increase of age,Chinese fir pure stand could accumulate organic matter and nitrogen in the soil but it resulted in decreasing of soil pH and base ions(especially Ca^2 ) compared to its mixed stand with broad-leaf trees such as Chinese sassafras,In order to improve the soil fertility,It would be better to mix Chinese fir with broad-leaf trees when afforestation In the management of Chinese fir pure stand,base compounds and phosphates should be added to the soil for mintaining soil fertility and raising and raising forest productivity.     

湖南省可再生能源开发现状及对策

描述了湖南省可再生能源开发现状,论述了可再生能源开发在湖南省经济可持续发展战略中的地位及作用,分析了影响开发速度的主要问题和障碍,并提出了加快开发可再生能源的政策、措施和建议。     

From multi-criteria approach to simple protocol: Assessing habitat patches for conservation value using species rarity

We investigated conservation value (CV) related to the quality of spider communities in different non-wooded habitat patches - ranging from arable land to natural grasslands. The study was conducted in two ecologically distinct regions of Hungary: the Hungarian Great Plain and the Buda Hills. We used seven variables to indicate CV which together formed a multi-criteria space of spider community characteristics. These variables were either related to species characters obtained from an extensive background database: abundance and frequency based rarity, specialist status, association to natural habitats; or were calculated for the community at the given patch: species richness, functional diversity and species evenness. Using the variables in an ordination analysis we could establish a gradient of the patches in the multi-criteria space of the spider community characteristics. Position of patches along the first axis of the ordination was taken as the multi-criteria measure of CV. CVs established this way were strongly and positively correlated with an independent botanical CV assessment. We also sought a simpler measure of spider CV by: (a) calculating only one variable out of the seven and using it as a surrogate for the multi-criteria CV measurement; by (b) calculating this variable only for a short time period or (c) for only one spider family. Average abundance based rarity value of the species proved to be the best surrogate of the multi-criteria CV measure for both regions, and it also performed very well when sample size was restricted to two sampling occasions per patch or to a single family. This adds further evidence to, what has been found in other studies, that species rarity is a sensitive and reliable measure of the ecological and conservational status of communities.     

Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Optimize Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for Intensively-Managed Small-Grain Cereals

Most methods used to estimate N status require collection, processing and analysis of soil and/or plant tissue samples. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content of cereals, determined in the field with a portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502), was used to predict N availability of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The results indicated that accurate nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations based on chlorophyll content have both environmental and economic advantages. Determination of leaf chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter accurately indicated plant N status allowing N fertilizer requirement to be accurately determined and resulting in increased N uptake efficiency. Applying N fertilizer on this basis improved production economics and improved physical input-output ratio during grain yield formation. Using a chlorophyll meter, responsive and non-responsive categories can be determined at the stage of maximum number of florets per ear primordium (Zadoks' GS 37-41) and at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58).     

中国作物分子育种现状与展望

分子育种是现代农业发展应用推广最迅速的育种新技术,对作物遗传改良产生了深远的影响。国际农作物育种已经进入分子育种时代,以DNA重组技术和基因组编辑技术等为代表的现代生物技术已成为世界上作物遗传改良的重要手段。本综述简要介绍了国际分子育种发展趋势,并对中国作物分子育种现状和国家相关政策导向、集成创新、科研管理体制、生物种业发展和人才现状等方面进行了分析,以期为中国农业和科技管理部门、生物技术工作者、育种家和种子企业提供参考。     

Phomopsis longanae Chi-induced pericarp browning and disease development of harvested longan fruit in association with energy status

The effects of Phomopsis longanae Chi infection on browning development and disease incidence in relation to energy status in pericarp of harvested longan fruit were investigated. Longan fruit were inoculated for 5 min with P. longanae at 10⁴ spores mL⁻¹, while fruit dipped in sterile deionized water were used as control. These fruits were stored at (28 ± 1) °C and 90% relative humidity for up to five days. The results showed that the browning index, disease incidence, cellular membrane permeability and AMP content increased but the contents of ATP and ADP, and energy charge decreased in pericarp of longan fruit infected by P. longanae. It was suggested that P. longanae infection caused energy deficiency in longan fruit, possibly resulting in accelerated senescence and decreased resistance to pathogen, and thus promoted browning development and disease occurrence.     

茶黄素研究进展

本文综述说明了茶黄素的来源,结构,功效及研究的进展。     

聊城市种植业结构现状及发展研究

对聊城市种植业的现状进行了研究,并对种植结构进行评价,实现对聊城市的作物种植进行合理调整;对影响作物种植的要素进行定性打分,根据作物的得分情况进行最优组合;结果发现粮食作物中分数由高到低的顺序是：马铃薯、玉米和小麦;油料作物是：花生、油菜;经济作物是棉花和药材;蔬菜依次是茄子、西红柿、食用菌、黄瓜和西葫。据此提出了7种适合聊城市种植业发展的作物组合。