Effects of chilled drinking water on the performance of lactating sows and their litters during high ambient temperatures under farm conditions

Heat stress has detrimental effects on lactating sows and their litters, including decreased feed intake and milk production in sows and decreased weight gain in their offspring. It also increases respiration rate, rectal temperature, and weaning to estrus interval in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chilled water (CW) on the performance of lactating sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures for 21 days. Ninety multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; parity range: 2 to 5) and their litters (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) were divided into 3 blocks (30 each). Sows and their litters within each block were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (n = 10 each). Each group was provided with drinking water at 10, 15, or 22 °C (control) under farm conditions where ambient temperature above 25 °C was consistent during the experimental period. Sows on CW (both 10 and 15 °C) consumed more feed and water than did control (P < 0.01) and higher estimated milk production compared with control (P < 0.01), but had lower rectal temperature and respiration rate compared with control (P < 0.01). Mean weaning weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) of litters in CW groups were higher than those in control group. There were no differences in the measured variables, with the exception of the respiration rates, between the two CW treatment groups. These results suggest that CW may improve the performance of sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures and the 15 °C water, from an energy viewpoint, may be more effective.     

甘肃羌活资源特征及开发利用

在多点、多次实地考察和查阅大量文献资料的基础上,对羌活Notopterygium incisum生物学特性、品种分类以及在甘肃的资源分布状况作了较系统的介绍,并对其开发利用进行了探讨.     

保水剂对江河源区退化草地土壤水分和植物生长发育的影响

通过不同浓度保水剂种子包衣和保水剂大田示范试验,结果表明:在江河源区退化草地恢复与重建中应用高吸水树脂(SAP保水剂),对提高土壤含水量和保墒具有良好的效果;它不仅能促进幼苗生长发育,而且对植物地上部分的分蘖枝和根系分枝有明显的促进作用;同时对提高牧草个体生物量和产草量有明显的效果.试验结果还表明,使用1%～1.5%浓度的种子包衣处理效果最佳.     

东洞庭湖湿地水鸟群落季节动态格局

为了对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类的继续研究提供数据和理论依据,2005年7月~2006年12月采用样方法和样线法对该湿地水鸟进行了调查,共记录到水鸟89种,并对其季节动态格局进行了研究分析,结果表明,全年水鸟种类和数量均是冬季多,夏季少,特别是数量波动有明显的冬季高峰期和夏季低谷期,季节差异非常显著。     

论素质教育的特征及实施

经济发展、社会进步、科技发达要依赖劳动者素质的提高，劳动者素质的提高要依赖素质教育，素质教育是全面提高公民思想道德、文化素养、身心素质等方面发展水平的教育。文中论述了素质教育的含义、结构、特征与实施方法。同时比较分析了素质教育与应试教育的区别，进一步明确了素质教育的特点和宗旨。     

人工模拟高温环境下白三叶草相对生理指标测定

研究了高温胁迫条件下白三叶叶片相对含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:25~35℃处理0.5 h后,白三叶的膜透性、脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐下降,但幅度不大;45℃以上高温处理后,以上生理指标均有显著性大幅度的变化。与CK比较,温度每升高5℃,白三叶细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸含量平均增加50.62%、59.89%,而相对含水量、叶绿素含量分别下降34.22%、4.61%。在实验条件下,白三叶能适应35℃的高温,40~45℃为其忍耐高温的临界温度范围,50℃为致死温度上限。     

扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究初探

论述了扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究的依据,利用不同生境条件下生长的野生和栽培品种,采用形态标记、细胞标记、生化标记和分子标记的方法多方面地对扁蓿豆进行遗传多样性的研究。     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性,其食性食量125g/d,每个洞内食物存放平均750g;解剖观察,怀孕胚胎2～4个,平均3.38个,雌雄比为53.164∶6.84。     

河西半荒漠驴驴蒿草原土壤水盐动态及其对牧草生长的影响

对驴驴蒿草原三个草地型(驴驴蒿型,驴驴蒿—红砂型,驴驴蒿+珍珠型)的土壤水盐动态及其与牧草产量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:土壤水分变化受雨量的影响具有阶段性。随着土壤深度的增加,土壤含水量随时间的变化而变小。土壤各层内,春季含水量相近,并呈下降趋势,夏季变化大,秋冬则随土壤深度增加而增加,趋向稳定。盐分随水分而移动,其含量基本上随土壤深度的增加而增加。牧草产量的变化与土壤水分的变化具有“一致性”。在驴驴蒿型和驴驴蒿—红砂型中,驴驴蒿的绝对生长量与0～40cm内各土层的含水量呈显著的正相关,并建立了产量预测模型。     

生物措施水土保持机理综述

植被能有效控制水土流失,被公认为水土保持最有效最根本的方法,因此水土流失区植被的恢复和建造成为水土保持工作的中心之一。通过对大量研究进行总结,进一步从机理上分析了植被对水土保持的作用,主要包括植被冠层对降雨的截留及对降雨侵蚀动能的影响,地表枯枝落叶层的水土保持作用和地下根系提高土壤抗冲性等。