潜流人工湿地在污水深度处理方面的应用研究--以义县污水厂为例

介绍了研究人工湿地的工程概况及相关参数，对几种指标去除率及运行中存在的不足进行了分析，探讨了潜流人工湿地在北方污水深度处理的可行性。     

Potential Use of Olive Mill Wastewater as Amendment: Crops Yield and Soil Properties Assessment

The traditional olive oil extraction process generates a large amount of liquid by-product that could be recycled as an organic fertilizer. The aim of this 3-year field experiment was to assess the effects of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) application on yields of ryegrass, proteic pea, and clover crops and on soil properties. The following treatments were compared: OMWW at 80 m³ ha^?1 (80_OMWW), OMWW at 120 m³ ha^?1 (120_OMWW), and an unfertilized control (Contr).

The yields of ryegrass increased 40% and 41.6% compared to Contr, for 80_OMWW and 120_OMWW, respectively, while a significant enhancement was found at the lowest level of OMWW in proteic pea (27.0% increase). Clover showed a species-specific sensitiveness, but the OMWW applications increased the protein content 26.3% and 28.7% for 80_OMWW and 120_OMWW, respectively, in comparison with Contr.

The OMWW rates also enhanced the total organic content in the soil compared to the unfertilized control. At the end of the 3-year experiment, total extracted carbon and humified organic carbon were greater than the initial ones. The values of available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) determined at the end of experiment in Contr were almost the same as those recorded at the beginning of the research, confirming that the increases found in 80_OMWW and 120_OMWW plots were due to the OMWW applications.

The findings suggest that repeated applications of OMWW could both sustain fodder crop performance and support soil fertility, with the possibility to recycle the organic amendment and reduce the risks of soil degradation.     

19种湿地植物对铜、铬、镍吸收与分配的差异

An experiment was carried out to investigate the variations in metal uptake and translocation among 19 wetland plant species in small-scale plots of constructed wetland using artificial wastewater containing 2.0 mg L^-1 copper (Cu), 1.0 mg L^-1 chromium (Cr), and 2.0 mg L^-1 nickel (Ni). More than 97% of Cu, Cr, and Ni were removed from the wastewater by the wetland plant species. There were more than 100-fold differences in the metal accumulation and more than ten-fold differences in the metal concentrations among the 19 plant species. These plants accumulated as high as 8.8% of Cu, 20.5% of Cr, and 14.4% of Ni when they were grown in the wetland soaked with the wastewater. Several plant species were found to be highly capable of accumulating one, two or all the three metals. The results indicated considerable variations in the metal removal abilities through phytoextraction among the 19 wetland plant species. It can be concluded that the selection of appropriate plant species in constructed wetland can be crucial for the improvement of metal removal efficiency of the wetland system.     

三维电极电化学方法处理含锌废水的试验研究

水体锌污染危害严重。对三维电极处理 Zn~(2 )抖浓度为95.0mg/L 模拟废水进行了试验研究,并通过正交试验得到了三维电极处理模拟含锌废水的最佳运行条件。结果表明,电解时间、主电极间距、粒子电极活性碳与处理水量的比例及电解电流等对三维电极处理废水的效率有显著影响,在最佳条件下,三维电极对模拟废水 Zn~(2 )去除率达到95.7%,可使废水中 Zn~(2 )浓度降低到4.1mg/L,满足国家污水综合排放标准 GB8978-88Ⅱ级要求。     

滇池流域典型城郊氮磷污染负荷定量研究

通过野外实地监测和室内分析相结合.系统分析了滇池流域典型城郊排放污水氮磷营养盐排放通量和污染负荷,并采用城市降雨径流污染负荷的计算方法,估算了降雨径流氮磷营养盐污染负荷.结果表明:滇池流域城郊排放污水人均通量总氮为1.33～1.39 kg/a.氮态氮为0.69～0.91 kg/a,硝态氮为0.04 kg/a,总磷为0.11kg/a;年均负荷总氮为987.83～1 400.35 kg/hm~2·a,氨态氮为649.43～731.00 kg/hm~2·a,硝态氮为29.50～41.23 kg/hm~2·a,总磷为80.17～112.96 kg/hm~2·a;滇池流域城郊降雨径流污染负荷总氮为59.85～101.03kg/hm~2·a,总磷为6.45～9.55 kg/hm~2·a.全年由降雨地表径流引起的总氮、氨态氮、硝态氮、总磷污染负荷分别占全年集水区总排放污染负荷的6.05%～6.40%,3.54%～6.93%,7.68%～10.03%,7.17%～7.98%.在当前的滇池流域城郊结合部,生活、生产排污引起的污染更严重.     

膜生物反应器-复合垂直流人工湿地（SMBR—IVCW）系统处理混合废水的应用研究

本文采用一体式膜生物反应器（SMBR）-复合垂直流人工湿地（IVCW）组合工艺（SMBR—IVCW）系统,研究了该系统对复合废水的净化效果。结果表明,当系统进水为CODCr397-890mg·L-1、氨氮9．40-27．mg·L-1、TP4．30-10．7mg·L-1、TN45．9-75．8mg·L-1的条件下,在SMBR和IVCW的水力负荷分别为1000L·d-1和375mm·d-1的最优工况下运行,系统CODCrNH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为97．5％、99．0％、59．6％和65．2％;系统进出水中氮的形态组成发生了显著变化;SMBR—IVCW系统在高浓度综合污水处理方面具有良好的潜力。     

采油废水中硫酸盐还原菌Fe(VI)杀灭试验

采油所产生的废水中产生的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)可造成注水系统的腐蚀、结垢和阻塞,严重影响原油的开发与生产。以Fe(VI)作为氧化型杀菌剂杀灭SRB,试验结果表明:Fe(VI)对SRB具有很强的灭菌能力;Fe(VI)投加量C>10 mg/L时就能满足回注水的要求;适宜的接触反应时间为t>10 min;相应地有Ct>100 mg·min·L-1。     

Prognoses of inlet water quality via QSOM in wastewater treatment processes

A quantum self organizing feature map neural network (QSOM) method is introduced for water quality prediction in activated sludge wastewater treatment processes which includes uncertainty of microbial activity and complexity of biochemical reactions and strong lagging of parameters. This approach quantizes the inlet water quality data corresponding outlet water in abnormal state and makes the quantized data sample as the input of QSOM. The correlation coefficient of the quantum inputs and its weights are calculated as the best inputs matching of network by using quantum gates to update the weights in learning the rules. The experiments illustrate the efficiency of this prediction approach by using operational data of Chongqing Jiguanshi wastewater treatment plant.     

气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧处理马铃薯淀粉废水工艺探索

马铃薯淀粉废水是高浓度酸性有机废水,主要含有溶解性的淀粉和少量蛋白质。结合甘肃临洮县某淀粉加工企业实际情况,从已有厌氧好氧—絮凝沉淀组合淀粉加工废水处理工艺入手,研究了经改进的气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水的效果。结果表明,在进水COD_(cr)=12 000 mg/L,BOD_5=6 300 mg/L,SS=500～1 000 mg/L下,经过气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧组合工艺处理,COD_(cr)去除率达到97.67%,BOD_5去除率为98.97%,处理后水质达到淀粉工业水污染排放标准(GB 25461-2010),同时采用气浮—絮凝分离技术能够回收植物蛋白,厌氧发酵产生沼气回收利用,具有良好的经济效益。     

水解酸化-改良UASB最佳运行参数研究

研究水解酸化-改良UASB组合工艺处理玉米酒精废水的工艺参数,为酒精生产行业的废水处理工艺提供参考。以目前最具代表性的水解酸化-改良UASB组合工艺处理玉米酒精废水,确定其最佳运行参数。结果表明,单因素最佳条件为:水解酸化进水pH 5.5～7.0,进水量15 L/h,COD去除率可达45%,NH3-N浓度增大;当进水pH为6.0,改良UASB反应器水力停留时间24 h,改良UASB反应器上升流速0.4 m/h时,出水COD稳定在450 mg/L左右,平均去除率为81.82%,水解酸化-改良UASB对COD的平均去除率为87.52%,最高可以达到92.72%。总之,酒精生产行业的废水处理工艺采用该工艺参数出水水质好,利于后续单元处理。