自溶法回收鱼类加工废弃物中蛋白质成分(英文)

鱼头和鱼内脏为鱼类在加工过程中废弃的主要组织,其中含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪等有益成分,有必要进行回收利用。双鳍舵鲣鱼的头部和内脏约占其鱼体重量的30％,富含蛋白质(14.4％-22.6％)。为了将这些废弃物中的蛋白质进行回收,分别采用双鳍舵鲣鱼内脏本身含有的内源性蛋白酶(自溶)和四种外源性的商业蛋白酶Papain W-40(E1),Pancidase NP-2(E2),Sumichiimu FP(E3)和Protease M(E4)对废弃物中的蛋白质进行水解(50℃,1～4h),考察自溶和不同酶解方法对蛋白质的回收率以及对回收液氨基酸组成的影响。结果显示,自溶法对废弃物中蛋白质的回收效果最好。当水解温度为50℃,水解时间为2h时,自溶法的蛋白质回收率最高,达到76％;其次为E2酶解法,回收率达到70％;E3酶解法效果最差,回收率为63％。进一步研究表明,自溶回收液(AE)的氨基酸总量也最高,达到11756 mg/100g,而采用E1、E2、E3和E4水解方法得到的酶解回收液(EE1、EE2、EE3和EE4)中氨基酸含量分别仅为10294、10642、8750、10121 mg/100g。感观评定结果表明,自溶回...     

The utilisation potential of urban greening waste: Tartu case study

In light of climate change and the increasingly limited availability of energy resources, any form of renewable raw materials that can be used for energy production should be accounted for. One of the most promising renewable sources is considered to be that of lignocellulosic feedstock. In urban forestry and greening, millions of tons of lignocellulosic waste is produced every year but that biomass mostly goes unused. The aim of this research project was to investigate the utilisation potential of this very form of waste biomass using a medium-sized town as a sample for the work (Tartu in Estonia, with a population circa 100,000). Woody and non-woody vegetation representing greening waste from different seasons was investigated: spring and autumn leaves, and mixed waste from urban greening which contained grass, twigs, and leaves. BMP assays were conducted to estimate the biogas production potential and the three step bio-ethanol production process was used to estimate the bio-ethanol production potential. In the bio-ethanol production process, an N₂ explosion pre-treatment was used, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Map analysis was used to assess the area that was manageable by urban forestry and greening in the city of Tartu in order to estimate the amount of greening and forestry waste that was available for bioconversion and the volumes of biofuel that could be produced.     

植物提取物生产过程中废水的治理

概述植物提取物生产过程中废水的来源、特点、分类以及废水治理的方法,并对各种治理方法的优缺点进行论述,对植物提取物加工过程中废水治理的一般流程进行阐述。针对目前植物提取物废水治理的现状,提出由于植物提取行业废水的多样化,应根据其水质的特异性,采用不同的治理方法或是不同治理方法组合的观点。     

排矸区沙棘复垦及沙棘果深加工的研究

从4个方面分别对鹤岗矿区矸石排放区栽植沙棘的技术、利用价值、深加工技术流程及其生态效益和社会效益做了介绍.     

国外木材工业企业的热能源自给技术

本文介绍了国外木材加工企业实现热能源自给的高效，节能除尘－供热系统。     

Model calculations of water dynamics in lysimeters filled with granular industrial wastes

A three‐year long lysimeter experiment with a fine‐grained aluminum (Al) recycling by‐product and a mixture of this by‐product and a coal combustion waste was conducted. The wastes were proposed as possible soil substitutes in an engineered surface barrier covering a potash mining residue mount. To evaluate the suitability of the wastes as surface barrier material, their hydrological behavior under field conditions must be known. Lysimeter experiments provide one means to study the hydrological behavior of soils or soil‐like materials. However, it is difficult to estimate the long‐term hydrological behavior from short‐term lysimeter studies. The present study was conducted therefore to derive from short‐term lysimeter observations the long‐term hydrological behavior of the two waste materials. The lysimeter data were used to calibrate the one‐dimensional soil water flow model HYDRUS‐1D. With the calibrated model, hydrological simulations for the site of the residue mount were carried out for a period of 31 yr. Calculated long‐term annual seepage from the lysimeters was 237 mm for the pure Al waste and 186 mm for the mixture, or 39% and 24% of the average annual precipitation (764 mm). The average discharge of the bare mount is 482 mm or 63%. We conclude that a soil cover could considerably reduce the discharge and that the mixture is better suited as surface barrier than the pure Al waste.     

长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业环保现状调查研究

对长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业的环保现状进行了调查研究,结果发现:当前区域垃圾焚烧企业,在保证规模、控制数量及地域上均衡布置的前提下,行业废水、废气污染治理设施齐全,废水、废气均稳定可达标排放,调查时段内未有投诉问题。区域垃圾焚烧行业在做到当下要求的情况下,实现了区域垃圾焚烧行业污染可控,对城市垃圾焚烧行业环保发展具备借鉴意义。     

医疗废物集中处理工程竣工环境保护验收监测案例分析

指出了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测,是建设项目竣工环境保护验收的主要技术依据。以某医疗废物集中处理工程为例,分析了其工艺流程、环保设施运行情况和相应主要污染物及其排放情况、验收监测评价标准、环境管理检查、验收监测结果,提出了验收建议,以期为该行业建设项目验收工作提供参考。     

木材-橡胶功能性复合材料制造工艺主要影响因素的交互作用和相关性(英文)

确定聚异氰酸酯(PMDI)与脲醛胶(UF)混合胶黏剂胶接木材与废旧轮胎橡胶制备功能性复合材料工艺的可行性;研究木材-橡胶功能性复合材料制备工艺的主要影响因素(密度、热压时间和温度)对复合材料力学性能:内结合强度(IB)、静曲强度(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)作用的相关性。采用Design-Expert的响应曲面法分析各主要因子密度、温度、时间对力学性能影响的变化规律,优化各因子,并揭示相互影响和作用机制。结果表明:密度对材料的力学强度有显著性的影响,热压温度与时间的交互作用同样对材料的力学性能影响显著;采用低成本的PMDI/UF混合胶黏剂能够很好地胶结木材和橡胶制备功能性复合材料;获得木材-橡胶复合材料最佳优化工艺:密度1000kg·m-3、热压时间300s、热压温度170℃。利用电子扫描电镜(SEM)揭示了木材-橡胶功能性复合材料的微观结构,并进行界面结构分析。对PMDI/UF胶黏剂胶接橡胶和木材的物理化学胶合机制进行全面系统的分析。     

几种农林废弃物发酵基质与常用轻型基质的理化性质比较

收集山核桃壳、锯末、枯枝落叶、菇渣、中药渣5种常见农林废弃材料,经过发酵和消毒处理,按照不同配比混合成8组不同的轻型栽培基质,测定其理化性质,并与日常栽培容器苗的轻型基质泥炭和珍珠岩比较。结果表明:8组不同轻型基质的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、pH值、全N差异显著;持水孔隙、大小空隙比、EC值、全P、全K(除6、7号基质外)、速效K差异极显著(1%水平);以2号混合基质锯末:枯枝落叶:山核桃壳:珍珠岩=4:2:3:1(体积比)为最佳配比。